Publikationen (nach Gebiet sortiert)

Adaptive/flexible Workflows (13)

Adaptive/flexible Workflows

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Dirk Fahland, Matthias Weidlich
    Scenario-based process modeling with Greta
    Marcello La Rosa, editors
    In Proc. of BPM Demonstration Track 2010, Hoboken, USA, September 14-16, 2010, volume 615 of CEUR-WS.org, Hoboken, USA, September 2010
    Designing understandable business process models is one of the key factors to successful business process management. Current modeling practices advocate the use of block-oriented concepts and subprocesses to structure complex process models. However, such guidelines cannot be applied in any case as case studies in process mining have shown. Previously, we proposed the scenario-based paradigm to structure models of complex processes in behavioral fragments, i.e., scenarios. This paper presents GRETA as a tool that supports scenario-based process modeling and execution.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets - scenario-based modeling with Petri nets
    Giuliana Franceschinis and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Petri Nets and Other Models Of Concurrency, 22-26 May 2009, volume 5606 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Paris, France, jun 2009
    We present a novel, operational, formal model for scenario-based modeling with Petri nets. A scenario-based model describes the system behavior in terms of partial runs, called scenarios. This paradigm has been formalized in message sequence charts (MSCs) and live sequence charts (LSCs) which are in industrial and academic use. A particular application for scenarios are process models in disaster management where system behavior has to be adapted frequently, occasionally at run-time. An operational semantics of scenarios would allow to execute and adapt such systems on a formal basis. In this paper, we present a class of Petri nets for specifying and modeling systems with scenarios and anti-scenarios. We provide an operational semantics allowing to iteratively construct partially ordered runs that satisfy a given specification. We prove the correctness of our results.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Daniel Lübke, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative versus Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Understandability
    John Krogstie and Terry Halpin and Erik Proper, editors
    In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Exploring Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD'09), volume 29 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer-Verlag, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jun 2009
    Advantages and shortcomings of different process modeling languages are heavily debated, both in academia and industry, but little evidence is presented to support judgements. With this paper we aim to contribute to a more rigorous, theoretical discussion of the topic by drawing a link to well-established research on program comprehension. In particular, we focus on imperative and declarative techniques of modeling a process. Cognitive research has demonstrated that imperative programs deliver sequential information much better while declarative programs offer clear insight into circumstantial information. In this paper we show that in principle this argument can be transferred to respective features of process modeling languages. Our contribution is a pair of propositions that are routed in the cognitive dimensions framework. In future research, we aim to challenge these propositions by an experiment.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative vs. Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Maintainability
    Stefanie Rinderle-Ma and Shazia Wasim Sadiq and Frank Leymann, editors
    In Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2009 International Workshops, Ulm, Germany, September 7, 2009. Revised Papers, volume 43 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Ulm, Germany, sep 2009
    The rise of interest in declarative languages for process modeling both justifies and demands empirical investigations into their presumed advantages over more traditional, imperative alternatives. Our concern in this paper is with the ease of maintaining business process models, for example due to changing performance or conformance demands. We aim to contribute to a rigorous, theoretical discussion of this topic by drawing a link to well-established research on maintainability of information artifacts.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Heiko Woith
    Towards Process Models for Disaster Response
    In Business Process Management Workshops, International Workshop on Process Management for Highly Dynamic and Pervasive Scenarios (PM4HDPS), co-located with 6th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM'08), volume 17 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Milan, Italy, September 2008
    In the immediate aftermath of a disaster routine processes, even if specifically designed for such a situation, are not enacted blindly. Actions and processes rather adapt their behavior based on observations and available information. Attempts to support these processes by technology rely on process models that faithfully capture process execution and adaptation. Based on experiences from actual disaster response settings, we propose to specify an adaptive process as a set of scenarios using a Petri net syntax. Our operational model provides an adaptation operator that synthesizes and adapts the system behavior at run-time based on the given scenarios. An example illustrates our approach.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Adaptive und Selbststabilisierende Workflows
    Diehl, Malte and Lipskoch, Henrik and Meyer, Roland and Storm, Christian, editors
    In Proceedings des gemeinsamen Workshops der Graduiertenkollegs, Trustworthy Software Systems, Gito-Verlag, Berlin, 2008
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets -- Scenario-Based Modeling with Petri Nets
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
    Scenario-based specifications are used for modeling highly-complex, distributed systems in terms of partial runs (scenarios) the system shall have. But it is difficult to derive an implementing, operational model from a given set of scenarios, especially if concepts like anti-scenarios which must not occur are used. In this paper, we present a novel model for scenario-based specifications with Petri nets including anti-scenarios; we provide an operational semantics for our model.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    A Formal Approach to Adaptive Processes using Scenario-based Concepts.
    Kees van Hee and Wolfgang Reisig and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Approaches to Business Processes and Web Services (FABPWS'07), University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland, jun 2007
    The problem and need for adapting business processes and service behavior to cope with changing circumstances is identified well. Standard models for business processes still rely on a fixed process logic, the change of which is rather hard to achieve. Ad-hoc changes to a standard model are usually considered too `dangerous' as they are performed in not well-defined manner. Other models for adaptive processes deviate to some extent from established business process models. This deviation comes at the price of limited understandability and loss in analysis capabilities. We propose a model for adaptive processes based on Petri nets which have successfully been applied in modeling and analyzing business process and web services. Our operator to adapt the behavior of such models is formalized by the help of scenario-based concepts known from live-sequence charts in purely mathematical terms. This combination of concepts allows to write down the result of the adaptation rather than how adaptation shall be performed.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Synthesizing Petri nets from LTL specifications - An engineering approach
    Philippi, Stephan and Pinl, Alexander, editors
    In Proceedings 14.Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze (AWPN), Arbeitsbericht aus dem Fach Informatik, Nr. 25/2007, Universität Koblenz-Landau, D, September 2007
    In this paper we present a pattern-based approach for synthesizing truly distributed Petri nets from a class of LTL specifications. The synthesis allows for the automatic, correct generation of humanly conceivable Petri nets, thus circumventing a manual construction of nets, or the use of Büuchi automata which are not distributed and often less intuitive to understand.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Modeling and Verifying Declarative Workflows
    In Dagstuhl ''zehn plus eins'', Verlagshaus Mainz, Aachen, 2007
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Towards Analyzing Declarative Workflows
    Jana Koehler and Marco Pistore and Amit P. Sheth and Paolo Traverso and Martin Wirsing, editors
    In Autonomous and Adaptive Web Services, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, 2007
    Enacting tasks in a workflow cannot always follow a pre-defined process model. In application domains like disaster management workflows are partially specified and circumstances of their enactment change. There exist various approaches for formal workflow models that are effective in such situations, like declarative specifications instead of operational models for formalizing flexible workflow process. These powerful models leave a gap to existing techniques in the domain of workflow modeling, workflow analysis, and workflow management. In this paper we bridge this gap with a compositional mechanism for translating declarative workflow models to operational workflow models. The mechanism is of a general nature and we reveal its principles as we provide an exemplary definition for translating DecSerFlow models based on LTL to Petri nets. We then demonstrate its use in analyzing and refining declarative models.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Manja Wolf
    Erstellung einer modellbasierten Laufzeitumgebung für adaptive Prozesse
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2008
    Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Implementation von GRETA - Graphical Runtime EnvironmenT for Adaptive Processes vorgestellt. GRETA ist eine modellbasierte Laufzeitumgebung für dynamische, sich während des Ablaufes anpassende Prozesse. Für die Implementation wurde ein formales Begriffsgebäude aufgebaut, das auf einer noch in der Entwicklung befindlichen Theorie basiert und einen Teil dieser Theorie berücksichtigt. Die Theorie, das vereinfachte Begriffsgebäude und die dafür ausgearbeiteten Algorithmen werden vorgestellt. GRETA wurde als grafischer Editor implementiert, mit dem solche dynamischen Prozesse modelliert werden können und wurde zu einem Simulationswerkzeug erweitert. Mit GRETA ist es möglich, zukünftige Forschungsergebnisse zu der genannten Theorie zu erproben. Das Programm wurde mit dem Eclipse-Framework GMF (Graphical Modeling Framework) erstellt. In dem Dokument gibt es eine Einführung in die Konzepte und die Funktionalittät von GMF. Die für GRETA genutzten Features von GMF werden erläutert.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets - a formal approach to adaptive systems using scenario-based concepts
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2008
    Usually, a component in a distributed system has assumptions about the remaining components of the system. A change in one component might require to change other components as well. It may happen that the change has to be performed in the running system. In this paper, we propose a formal model for systems that change their behavior at run-time: An adaptive system is denoted as a set of scenarios using a Petri net syntax. Our operational model provides an adaptation operator that synthesizes and adapts the system behavior as a Petri net branching-process at run-time based on the given scenarios. We show the feasibility of our approach by the help of an example.
    close
    close

Architecture Framework (6)

Architecture Framework

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    A SOA-Based Architecture Framework
    Frank Leymann and Wolfgang Reisig and Satish R. Thatte and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    In The Role of Business Processes in Service Oriented Architectures, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, nov 2006
    In this paper we present first results of a SOA-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is required to be close to industry standards, especially to service component architecture (SCA), language independent (i.e. it is adoptable) and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens. We present a meta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Kees van Hee, Eric Verbeek, Christian Stahl, Natalia Sidorova
    A Framework for Linking and Pricing No-Cure-No-Pay Services
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2, Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    In this paper, we present a framework that allows us to orchestrate web services such that the web services involved in this orchestration interact properly. To achieve this, we predefine service interfaces and certain routing constructs. Furthermore, we define a number of rules to incrementally compute the price of such a properly interacting orchestration (i.e. a web service) from the price of its web services. The fact that a web service gets only payed after its service is delivered (no-cure-no-pay) is reflected by considering a probability of success. To determine a safe price that includes the risk a web service takes, we consider the variance of costs.
    close
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    An SOA-based architecture framework
    volume 2 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 2 (2), 2007
    We present an Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is designed to be close to industry standards, especially to the Service ComponentArchitecture (SCA).The framework is language independent and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens.We present a meta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail. Through the framework, concepts of an SOA such as wiring, correlation and instantiation can be clarified.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Kees M. van Hee, H.M.W. Verbeek, Christian Stahl, Natalia Sidorova
    A Framework for Linking and Pricing No-Cure-No-Pay Services
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jun 2008
    In this paper, we present a framework that allows us to orchestrate web services such that the web services involved in this orchestration interact properly. To achieve this, we predefine service interfaces and certain routing constructs. Furthermore, we define a number of rules to incrementally compute the price of such a properly interacting orchestration (i.e. a web service) from the price of its web services. The fact that a web service gets only payed after its service is delivered (no-cure-no-pay) is reflected by considering a probability of success. To determine a safe price that includes the risk a web service takes, we consider the variance of costs.
    close
    close
  • Kees M. van Hee, Natalia Sidorova, Christian Stahl, H. M. W. Verbeek
    A Price of Service in a Compositional SOA Framework
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jul 2007
    In this paper we propose a framework for SOA covering such important features as proper termination (soundness) and correct correlation of tasks. Within this framework, we define a method for the calculation of the price of services. Our framework is compositional in the sense that composing a system from subsystems that meet our correctness requirements we obtain a system that still meets these requirements.
    close
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    A SOA-Based Architecture Framework
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jan 2007
    We present a SOA-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is designed to be close to industry standards, especially to the Service Component Architecture (SCA). The framework is language independent and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens. We present a \emphmeta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail. Through the framework concepts such as wiring, correlation, and instantiation can be clarified. This allows us to demystify some of the confusion related to SOA.
    close
    close

Asm (15)

Asm

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    A Semantic Characterization of Unbounded-Nondeterministic ASMs
    In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science, volume 4624 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, aug 2007
    Universal algebra usually considers and examines algebras as static entities. In the mid 80ies Gurevich proposed Abstract State Machines (ASMs) as a computation model that regards algebras as dynamic: a state of an ASM is represented by a freely chosen algebra which may change during a computation. In 2000, Gurevich characterized the class of sequential ASMs in a purely semantical way by five amazingly general and elegant axioms. Later this result has been extended to bounded-nondeterministic ASMs. This paper considers the general case of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs: in each step, an unbounded-nondeterministic ASM may choose among unboundedly many (sometimes infinitely many) alternatives. We characterize the class of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs by an extension of Gurevich's original axioms for sequential ASMs. We apply this result to prove the reversibility of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs.
    close
    close
  • Andreas Glausch
    A Semantic Characterization of Elementary Wide-Step ASMs
    In Proceedings of the 14th International ASM Workshop, jun 2007
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Wolfgang Reisig
    ASM-based semantics for BPEL: The negative Control Flow
    Danièle Beauquier and Egon Börger and Anatol Slissenko, editors
    In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Abstract State Machines (ASM'05), Paris XII, mar 2005
    BPEL is presently the most prominent language to specify and execute business processes, using Web Services as its technological basis. Particular problems arise when activities are faulty: faults have to be propagated, other activities have to be irregularly terminated, etc. We describe the formal semantics of fault handlers and event handlers, demonstrating that ASMs are most adequate for this purpose.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Computable Kernel of ASM
    Egon Börger and Angelo Gargantini and Elvinia Riccobene, editors
    In Abstract State Machines, Advances in Theory and Practice, 10th International Workshop, ASM 2003, Taormina, Italy, volume 2589 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003
    A rich variety of system models for sequential, deterministic systems has been suggested during recent decades, including automata, process algebras, many versions of Petri Nets, and models to describe the semantics of Programming languages. All models for sequential, deterministic systems assume a set S of states, or configurations, and a next state function $\upsilon: S \rightarrow S$.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Towards an ASM Thesis for Unconventional Algorithms
    Yuri Gurevich and Philipp W. Kutter and Martin Odersky and Lothar Thiele, editors
    In Abstract State Machines, volume 1912 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
    All descriptions of algorithms, be they formal or informal, employ data structures, operations on them, and some policy to cause operations be applied to data. Gurevich calls a formal description technique for algorithms algorithm universal if it allows for each informally described algorithm a formal representation that would essentially make precise the notions used in the informal description, not employing additional data, operations or steps. Gurevich's ASM thesis claims Abstract State Machines be algorithm universal for conventional, sequential algorithms. Here we are behind properties of formal presentations that are algorithm universal for unconventional, distributed algorithms.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Abstract State Machines for the Classroom - The Basics
    Dines Bjorner; Henson, Martin C. (Eds.), editors
    volume XXII, 624 p. 69 illus., Hardcover of Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series, Logics of Specification Languages XXII, 624 p. 69 illus., Hardcover, 2008
    Abstract State Machines (henceforth referred to as just ASM) were introduced as ä computation model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models\" by Yuri Gurevich in 1985. Here we provide some intuitive and motivating arguments, and characteristic examples for (the elementary version of) ASM. The intuition of ASM as a formal framework for \"pseudocode\" algorithms is highlightes. Generalizing variants of the fundamental \"sequential small-step\" version of ASM are also considered.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Expressive Power of Abstract State Machines
    volume 22 of Computing and Informatics 22 (3), 2003
    Conventional computation models assume symbolic representations of states and actions. Gurevich's "Abstract-State Machine" model takes a more liberal position: Any mathematical structure may serve as a state. This results in "a computational model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models". We characterize the Abstract-State Machine model as a special class of transition systems that widely extends the class of "computable" transition systems. This characterization is based on a fundamental Theorem of Y. Gurevich.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig
    On Gurevich's Theorem on Sequential Algorithms
    volume 39 of Acta Informatica 39 (5), Springer-Verlag, 2003
    Abstract-State Machines have been introduced as ?a computation model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models?, by Yuri Gurevich in 1985 ([Gur85]). ASM gained much attention as a specification method, in particular for the description of the semantics of programming languages, communication protocols, distributed algorithms, etc. Gurevich proved recently that a sequential algorithm must only meet a few, liberal requirements, to be representable as an ASM. We re-formulate Gurevich?s requirements for sequential algorithms, as well as the semantics of ASM-programs and the proof of his main theorem. A couple of examples support and explain intuition and motivation of ASM.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Alexander Brade
    Übersetzung graphischer Verhaltensbeschreibungen von Services in Abstract State Machines
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2005
    Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden wir kurz die Begriffe Service OrientedArchitecture und Service erklären. Den Begriff der Services werden wir genauer betrachten. Im Anschluss daran werden wir die Frage behandeln, wie das dynamische Verhalten eines Services mit UML 2-Diagrammen (UML = Unified Modeling Language) graphisch beschrieben werden kann. Dazu werden wir uns besonders auf die UML 2-Verhaltensdiagramme konzentrieren. Dabei werden wir auch einige Einschränkungen an den Verhaltensdiagrammen vornehmen. Wir werden dann das dynamische Verhalten eines beispielhaften DinnerServices mit Hilfe von Verhaltensdiagrammen beschreiben. Diese Verhaltensdiagramme des DinnerServices werden wir in Abstract State Machines (ASMs) übersetzen. Zwei der so erhaltenen ASMs werden wir im Anschluss an die Verhaltensbeschreibungen des DinnerServices in die Spezifikationssprache AsmL überführen und simulieren. Abschließend betrachten wir kurz die Verfeinerungsmöglichkeiten von ASMs.
    close
    close
  • Andreas Glausch
    Varianten des ASM-Theorems
    Diplomarbeit, jun 2005
    Abstract-State-Machines, kurz ASMs, sind eine Methode zur formalen Beschreibung von Algorithmen. Diese Methode hebt sich dabei deutlich von klassischen Algorithmusbegriffen wie Turingmaschinen und berechenbaren Funktionen ab. So lassen sich mit ASMs unter anderem auch nicht-terminierende Algorithmen beschreiben. Genauso wie es unterschiedliche Klassen von Algorithmen gibt, existieren auch eine ganze Reihe unterschiedlicher Klassen von ASMs, so zum Beispiel die sequentiellen, die nichtdeterministischen und die verteilten ASMs. Für die Klasse der sequentiellen ASMs exisitiert eine schöne Charakterisierung durch das sogenannte ASM-Theorem. Diese Charakterisierung basiert auf natürlichen und leicht verständlichen Forderungen und erleichtert somit dass Verständnis für die Ausdrucksmächtigkeit der sequentiellen ASMs und von Algorithmen im Allgemeinen. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir das ASM-Theorem auf die Klasse der nichtdeterministischen ASMs und auf die Klasse der verteilten ASMs.
    close
    close
  • Alexander Brade
    ASMs und die Struktur und Dynamik von Web Services
    Studienarbeit, jan 2005
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Ein Ansatz einer formalen Semantik der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services mit Abstract State Machines
    Studienarbeit, aug 2004
    In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Definition einer formalen Semantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (kurz BPEL4WS) von IBM, Microsoft und deren Industriepartnern vor. Zur Formalisierung wählen wir den Abstract-State-Machine-Formalismus (kurz ASM), dessen theoretische Fundierung es uns erlaubt, die Semantik von BPEL4WS auf der selben Abstraktionsebene zur formalisieren, die in der informalen BPEL4WS-Spezifikation vorgegeben ist. Wir werden den inneren Aufbau der Sprache präzise, formal abbilden und damit eine intuitiv und anschaulich nachvollziehbare Entsprechung zwischen den Abläufen eines BPEL4WSProzesses gemäß der gegebenen informalen Semantik und unserer formalen Semantik aufzeigen. Dazu analysieren wir die Struktur von BPEL4WS und zeigen mit welchen Mitteln des ASM-Formalismus diese adäquat, formal erfasst werden und wie in ASM notierte Spezifikationen zu lesen sind. Hierzu werden wir beispielhaft ausgewählte, syntaktische Konstrukte von BPEL4WS nach unserem Ansatz formalisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die informale BPEL4WS-Spezifikation v1.1, veröffentlicht am 5. Mai 2003.
    close
    close
  • Andreas Glausch
    Abstract-State Machines - Eine Sammlung didaktischer Beispiele
    Studienarbeit, feb 2003
    Diese Studienarbeit versucht durch eine Vielzahl von Beispielen den Begriff Abstract-State Machine und sequenzieller Algorithmus didaktisch sinnvoll darzustellen. Es werden dabei sowohl Beispiele als auch Gegenbeispiele angegeben, um Umfang und Grenzen dieser Begriffe aufzuzeigen.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    Distributed Abstract State Machines and Their Expressive Power
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jan 2006
    Gurevich's sequential Abstract State Machines (ASMs)are taken as a basis for the construction of distributed ASMs as sets of sequential ASMs. A theorem on the expressive power of distributed ASMs is proven in analogy to Gurevich's classical theorem on the expressive power of sequential ASMs.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Complete Abstract Operational Semantics for the Web Service Business Process Execution Language
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    In this technical report we present an abstract operational semantics for the Business ProcessExecution Language for Web Services, or BPEL for short. In effect, the semantics defined herein are a variation and an extension of the semantics published first in [FGV04a] and [Far04] defined by the group of Uwe Glässer the Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. We namely add semantics for correlation handling, dead path elimination and event handling; we define the data handling on a finer level; we slightly alter the basic framework of how activities are formalized in [FGV04a] in order to achieve greater robustness against changes of the informal specification. Furthermore this technical report serves as a base for a joint work with the group of Simon Fraser University.
    close
    close

Bdd (2)

Bdd

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Kathrin Kaschner, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Symbolische Repräsentation von Bedienungsanleitungen für Services
    Daniel Moldt, editors
    In 13. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2006), Proceedings, Universität Hamburg, sep 2006
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Kathrin Kaschner, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Symbolic Representation of Operating Guidelines for Services
    volume 72 of Petri Net Newsletter 72, apr 2007
    close

Bedienbarkeit (10)

Bedienbarkeit

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Wolfgang Reisig, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Wolf, Kathrin Kaschner
    Analysis Techniques for Service Models
    In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, 2006 (ISoLA 2006), 15-19 November 2006, Paphos, Cyprus, IEEE Computer Society, nov 2006
    The paradigm of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for interorganizational business processes and for the emerging programming-in-the-large. The basic idea of SOC, the interaction of services, rises a lot of issues such as proper termination of interacting services or substitution of a service by another one. Such issues can be addressed by means of models of services. We show how services can intelligibly be modeled, and we present algorithms and tools to analyze properties of service models. To make sure that our models properly reflect real world issues of services, we model and investigate services represented in established languages such as WS-BPEL.
    close
    close
  • Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Schmidt
    Reduction Rules for Interaction Graphs
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    The internet today has grown to be more than just being a basisfor exchanging information. It steadily becomes a platform for processing business processes. Many companies distribute their service with the help of web services or integrate other web services into their own workflow. However, before a web service gets published it should be examined well. We will introduce a way of examining the controllability of a web service. We propose the interaction graph of a web service, that is modelled by an open workflow net. To verify whether such a net is controllable or not it is sufficient to construct a reduced interaction graph. We will define reduction rules that minimize the size of the graph greatly. The analysis using the interaction graph as well as the reduction rules are implemented and have been integrated into an analysis tool kit for web services.
    close
    close
  • Carsten Frenkler, Karsten Schmidt
    Modellierung und Analyse transaktionaler Geschäftsprozesse
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    Wie erweitern in dieser Arbeit Workflow-Module um ein Konzept, mit dem derEinfluß eines Datenbanksystems auf die Bedienbarkeit eines Geschäftsprozesses untersucht werden kann. Wir integrieren transaktionale Eigenschaften als internes Verhalten in Workflow-Module und können damit Bedienbarkeit und Einhaltung transaktionaler Eigenschaften durch Analyse entscheiden.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Peter Massuthe, Alexander Serebrenik, Natalia Sidorova, Karsten Wolf
    Can I find a Partner? Undecidablity of Partner Existence for Open Nets
    volume 108 of Information Processing Letters 108 (6), Nov 2008
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Kommunizierende Workflow-Services modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung, Springer-Verlag, oct 2005
    Zur adäquaten Nutzung von Workflow-Implementierungen kommunizierender Geschäftsprozesse werden Konzepte vorgeschlagen,die von konkreten Implementierungen abstrahieren. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen werden unterschiedliche Varianten der Bedienbarkeit von Workflows charakterisiert und dafür Entscheidungsalgorithmen vorgestellt. Die Angemessenheit des Ansatzes wird am Beispiel der Semantik von Komponenten der Geschäftsprozess-Modellierungssprache BPEL demonstriert.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Gerrit Müller
    Strukturelle Analyse von offenen Workflow-Netzen hinsichtlich Bedienbarkeit
    Studienarbeit, jan 2007
    close
  • Alexander Schulz
    Zielgerichtete Strategien
    Studienarbeit, jul 2007
    close
  • Christian Gierds
    Ein schärferes Kriterium für die Wahl von Endzuständen in Bedienungsanleitungen, Liberalsten Partnern und Public Views
    Studienarbeit, oct 2007
    In der Welt der Service Orientierten Architektur (SOA) besteht der Bedarf, Dienste auf ihre mögliche Interaktion mit anderen Diensten hin zu untersuchen. Dienste werden wir in Form von Serviceautomaten betrachten, die als asynchron kommunizierende Automaten definiert sind. Um die Frage einer sinnvollen, also verklemmungsfreien Kommunikation zu klären, gibt es das Konzept der Bedienungsanleitungen. Wie werden für diese ein scharfes Kriterium für die Wahl der Endzustände angeben und zeigen, dass diese Wahl sich in vorhandene Konzepte integriert. Besonderes Augenmerk werden wir dabei auf den Liberalsten Partner und den Public View eines Serviceautomaten werfen und an diesen unsere Definition rechtfertigen.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, feb 2005
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse nutzen das Internet, um auf heterogenen Rechnerstrukturen Dienste auszubieten. Modellierungstechniken und Implementierungssprachen für solche Dienste werfen im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Rechnern grundlegend neue Fragestellungen auf. Wir diskutieren einige davon und zeigen, wie Petrinetze ihre Beantwortung ermöglichen.
    close
    close
  • Axel Martens, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Dirk Fahland, Thomas Heidinger
    Business Process Execution Language for Web services - Semantik, Analyse und Visualisierung
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2004
    Moderne Systeme der Informationstechnik bestehen zumeist aus einer Vielzahl von Komponenten, die in einem Netzwerk auf verteilten Knoten ausgeführt werden. Mit dem Web-Service-Ansatz können solche Systeme einfacher und flexibler entwickelt werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Modellierung, Visualisierung und Analyse von Web Services. Ein Web Service kapselt eine Anwendung und stellt diese über ein wohldefiniertes Interface der Außenwelt zur Verfügung. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen dienen eine Reihe zusammenhängender Technologien zur Beschreibung eines Web Service. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der internen Struktur eines Web Service, beschrieben mit Hilfe der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) [ACD+02]. Der Web-Service-Ansatz bietet ein homogenes Konzept von Komponenten und ihrer Komposition ber einem heterogenen Netzwerk. Damit ist die syntaktische Grundlage für die Entwicklung verteilter Systeme gelegt. Wesentlich für den Erfolg der Web Services ist jedoch die Beantwortung der semantischen Fragestellungen: Passen zwei gegebene Web Services inhaltlich zusammen? Kann in einem verteilten System ein gegebener Web Service durch einen anderen ersetzt werden? Entspricht ein konkreter Web Service einer gegebenen abstrakten Spezifikation? Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Beantwortung dieser und weiterer Fragestellungen im Web-Service-Ansatz: In einem ersten Schritt entwickeln wir eine formale Semantik für die Sprache BPEL4WS. Darauf aufbauend werden Methoden zur Analyse verteilter Systeme auf die konkreten Anforderungen bertragen und neue Verfahren entwickelt. Für die Diskussion der Modelle und Eigenschaften entwickeln wir eine intuitive graphische Repräsentation der Sprache BPEL4WS. Das Ziel der Forschungen ist die Umsetzung der Methoden in einem integrierten Entwicklungswerkzeug für BPEL4WS. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die ersten Ergebnisse in einem laufenden Projekt.
    close
    close

Bedienungsanleitung (9)

Bedienungsanleitung

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Christian Stahl
    Service Substitution - A Behavioral Approach Based on Petri Nets
    Dissertation, Dec 2009
    Service-Oriented Computing is an emerging computing paradigm that supports the modular design of (software) systems. Complex systems are designed by composing less complex systems, called services. Such a (complex) system is a distributed application often involving several cooperating enterprises. As a system usually changes over time, individual services will be substituted by other services. Substituting one service by another one should not affect the correctness of the overall system. Assuring correctness becomes particularly challenging, as the services rely on each other, and each of the involved enterprises only oversees a part of the overall system. In addition, services communicate asynchronously which makes the analysis even more difficult. For this reason, formal methods to support service substitution are indispensable. In this thesis, we study service substitution at the level of service models. Thereby we restrict ourselves to service behavior. As a formalism to model service behavior, we use Petri nets. The first contribution of this thesis is the definition of several substitutability criteria that are suitable in the context of Service-Oriented Computing. Substituting a service S by a service S' should preserve some behavioral properties of the overall system. For each set of behavioral properties and a given service S, there exists a set of behaviorally compatible services for S. A substitutability criterion defines which of these behaviorally compatible services of S have to be preserved by S'. We relate our substitutability criteria to preorders and equivalences known from process theory. The second contribution of this thesis is to present, for each substitutability criterion, a procedure to decide whether a service S' can substitute a service S. The decision requires the comparison of the in general infinite sets of behaviorally compatible services for the services S and S'. Hence, we extend existing work on an abstract representation of all behaviorally compatible services for a given service. For each notion of behavioral compatibility, we present an algorithmic solution to represent all behaviorally compatible services. Based on these representations, we can decide substitutability of a service S by a service S'. The third contribution of this thesis is a method to support the design of a service S' that can substitute a service $S$ according to a substitutability criterion. Our approach is to derive a service S' from the service S by stepwise transformation. To this end, we present several transformation rules. Finally, we formalize and we extend the equivalence notion for services specified in the language WS-BPEL. That way, we demonstrate the applicability of our work.
    close
    close
  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Nannette Liske, Niels Lohmann, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Another Approach to Service Instance Migration
    Luciano Baresi and Chi-Hung Chi and Jun Suzuki, editors
    In Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2009, 7th International Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, November 24-27, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, nov 2009
    Services change over time, be it for internal improvements, be it for external requirements such as new legal regulations. For long running services, it may even be necessary to change a service while instances are actually running and interacting with other services. This problem is referred to as instance migration. We present a novel approach to the behavioral (service protocol) aspects of instance migration. We apply techniques for finitely characterizing the set of all correctly interacting partners to a given service. The approach assures that migration does not introduce behavioral problems with any running partner of the original service. Our technique scales up to services with thousands of states, including models of real WS-BPEL processes.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Covering Places and Transitions in Open Nets
    Marlon Dumas and Manfred Reichert, editors
    In Business Process Management, 6th International Conference, BPM 2008, Milan, Italy, September 1-4, 2008, Proceedings, volume 5240 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2008
    We present a finite representation of all services M where the composition with a given service N is deadlock-free, and a given set of activities of N can be covered (i.e. is not dead). Our representation is an extension of the existing notion of an operating guideline which only cared about deadlock freedom. We further present an algorithm to decide whether a service M matches with the extended operating guideline of N.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Wolf, Kathrin Kaschner
    Analysis Techniques for Service Models
    In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, 2006 (ISoLA 2006), 15-19 November 2006, Paphos, Cyprus, IEEE Computer Society, nov 2006
    The paradigm of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for interorganizational business processes and for the emerging programming-in-the-large. The basic idea of SOC, the interaction of services, rises a lot of issues such as proper termination of interacting services or substitution of a service by another one. Such issues can be addressed by means of models of services. We show how services can intelligibly be modeled, and we present algorithms and tools to analyze properties of service models. To make sure that our models properly reflect real world issues of services, we model and investigate services represented in established languages such as WS-BPEL.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    volume 53 of The Computer Journal 53 (1), 2010
    To implement an interorganizational process between different enterprizes, one needs to agree on the ``rules of engagement''. These can be specified in terms of a contract that describes the overall intended process and the duties of all parties involved. We propose to use such a process-oriented contract which can be seen as the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Based on this contract each party may locally implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (the private view) agrees on the contract. In this paper, we propose a formal notion for such process-oriented contracts and give a criterion for accordance between a private view and its public view. The public view of a party can be substituted by a private view if and only if the private view accords with the public view. Using the notion of accordance the overall implemented process is guaranteed to be deadlock-free and it is always possible to terminate properly. In addition, we present a technique for automatically checking our accordance criterion. A case study illustrates how our proposed approach can be used in practice.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Deciding Service Composition and Substitutability Using Extended Operating Guidelines
    volume 68 of Data Knowl. Eng. 68 (9), 2009
    We study the correct interaction between services using the following notion for correctness: there is no deadlock in the interaction of the services, and a given set of activities is not dead, that is, each activity in this set is executed in at least one run. The second condition has not been studied before. An operating guideline of a service P is an operational characterization of all deadlock-free interacting partners of P. In this paper, we present an extension of the concept of an operating guideline to characterize all correctly interacting partners of a service P. This extension can be used for answering at least the following two questions. First, given a service R, does R interact correctly with P? Second, given a service P', can P be substituted by P', that is, is every correctly interacting partner of P a correctly interacting partner of P', too?
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2 (5460), Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    Deciding whether a service S can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of restriction can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Christian Gierds
    Strukturelle Reduktion von Bedienungsanleitungen
    Diplomarbeit, jan 2008
    In dieser Arbeit werden wir uns mit Diamantenstrukturen in Bedienungsanleitungen beschäftigen. Im Rahmen der Service-Oriented Architecture beschreiben Bedienungsanleitungen Kommunikationspartner (Strategien) von Diensten. Ein großer Vorteil der Bedienungsanleitungen ist die endliche Repräsentation der gewöhnlich unendlich großen Menge aller Strategien eines Dienstes. Bedienungsanleitungen können nichtsdestotrotz sehr groß werden. Diamantenstrukturen sind eine der Hauptursachen dafür. Wir wollen eine Kurzschreibweise einführen, die das Eintreten von Ereignissen in jeder beliebigen Reihenfolge in einem Zustandsübergang beschreibt. Anschließend werden wir verschiedene Muster für Diamantenstrukturen vorstellen, also Muster mit Ereignissen, die in jeder beliebigen Reihenfolge stattfinden können. Für diese Muster werden wir Ersetzungen mit der eingeführten Kurzschreibweise angeben. Wir werden ferner Algorithmen angeben, welche die von uns definierten Diamantenmuster in Bedienungsanleitungen erkennen.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, apr 2008
    Deciding whether a service $S$ can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of deprecation can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
    close
    close

Bpel (27)

Bpel

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Dirk Fahland, Daniel Lübke, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative versus Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Understandability
    John Krogstie and Terry Halpin and Erik Proper, editors
    In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Exploring Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD'09), volume 29 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer-Verlag, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jun 2009
    Advantages and shortcomings of different process modeling languages are heavily debated, both in academia and industry, but little evidence is presented to support judgements. With this paper we aim to contribute to a more rigorous, theoretical discussion of the topic by drawing a link to well-established research on program comprehension. In particular, we focus on imperative and declarative techniques of modeling a process. Cognitive research has demonstrated that imperative programs deliver sequential information much better while declarative programs offer clear insight into circumstantial information. In this paper we show that in principle this argument can be transferred to respective features of process modeling languages. Our contribution is a pair of propositions that are routed in the cognitive dimensions framework. In future research, we aim to challenge these propositions by an experiment.
    close
    close
  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Wei-Ying Ma and Andrew Tomkins and Xiaodong Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2008, Beijing, China, April 21--25, 2008, apr 2008
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann
    A Feature-Complete Petri Net Semantics for WS-BPEL 2.0
    Kees van Hee and Wolfgang Reisig and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Approaches to Business Processes and Web Services (FABPWS'07), University of Podlasie, jun 2007
    We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Wolf, Kathrin Kaschner
    Analysis Techniques for Service Models
    In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, 2006 (ISoLA 2006), 15-19 November 2006, Paphos, Cyprus, IEEE Computer Society, nov 2006
    The paradigm of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for interorganizational business processes and for the emerging programming-in-the-large. The basic idea of SOC, the interaction of services, rises a lot of issues such as proper termination of interacting services or substitution of a service by another one. Such issues can be addressed by means of models of services. We show how services can intelligibly be modeled, and we present algorithms and tools to analyze properties of service models. To make sure that our models properly reflect real world issues of services, we model and investigate services represented in established languages such as WS-BPEL.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting BPEL Processes
    In Business Process Management, 4th International Conference, BPM 2006, Vienna, Austria, September 5-7, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4102 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2006
    This paper addresses the problem of analyzing theinteraction between BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a BPEL process and transforms it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Wolfgang Reisig
    ASM-based semantics for BPEL: The negative Control Flow
    Danièle Beauquier and Egon Börger and Anatol Slissenko, editors
    In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Abstract State Machines (ASM'05), Paris XII, mar 2005
    BPEL is presently the most prominent language to specify and execute business processes, using Web Services as its technological basis. Particular problems arise when activities are faulty: faults have to be propagated, other activities have to be irregularly terminated, etc. We describe the formal semantics of fault handlers and event handlers, demonstrating that ASMs are most adequate for this purpose.
    close
    close
  • Sebastian Hinz, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Transforming BPEL to Petri Nets
    Wil M. P. van der Aalst and B. Benatallah and F. Casati and F. Curbera, editors
    In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2005), volume 3649 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Nancy, France, sep 2005
    We present a Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behaviour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). The semantics is implemented as a parser that translates BPEL specifications into the input language of the Petri net model checking tool LoLA. We demonstrate that the semantics is well suited for computer aided verification purposes.
    close
    close
  • Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    A Petri net semantic for BPEL4WS - validation and application
    Ekkart Kindler, editors
    In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets (AWPN'04), Universität Paderborn, oct 2004
    We translated a small business process into a recently defined Petri net semantic. Then we used the tool LoLA for validating the semantic as well as for proving relevant properties of the particular process.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Niels Lohmann, Eric Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    volume 4 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 4 (1), 2009
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modelling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed. We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting WS-BPEL Processes Using Flexible Model Generation
    volume 64 of Data Knowl. Eng. 64 (1), jan 2008
    We address the problem of analyzing the interaction between WS-BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a WS-BPEL process and translates it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). To manage processes of realistic size, we present a concept of a \emphflexible model generation which allows the generation of compact Petri net models. A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Kommunizierende Workflow-Services modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung, Springer-Verlag, oct 2005
    Zur adäquaten Nutzung von Workflow-Implementierungen kommunizierender Geschäftsprozesse werden Konzepte vorgeschlagen,die von konkreten Implementierungen abstrahieren. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen werden unterschiedliche Varianten der Bedienbarkeit von Workflows charakterisiert und dafür Entscheidungsalgorithmen vorgestellt. Die Angemessenheit des Ansatzes wird am Beispiel der Semantik von Komponenten der Geschäftsprozess-Modellierungssprache BPEL demonstriert.
    close
    close
  • Jose M. Vidal, Paul Buhler, Christian Stahl
    Multiagent Systems with Workflows
    volume 8 of IEEE Internet Computing 8 (1), feb 2004
    Industry and researchers have two different visions for the future of Web services. Industry wants to capitalize on Web service technology to automate business processes via centralized workflow enactment. Researchers are interested in the dynamic composition of Web services. The authors show how these two visions are points in a continuum and discuss a possible path for bridging the gap between them.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Katharina Görlach
    Ein Verfahren zur abstrakten Interpretation von XPath-Ausdrücken in WS-BPEL-Prozessen
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2008
    Die Web Services Business Process Execution Language ist eine Sprache zur Modellierung von Geschäftsprozessen als Web Services. Für eine umfassende Analyse von WS-BPEL-Prozessen müssen auch die Daten der Prozesse analysiert werden. Daten werden in WS-BPEL-Prozessen mit Hilfe von XML-Schema typisiert und standardmäßig mit Hilfe von XPath manipuliert. Eine Datenanalyse für WS-BPEL muss deshalb XML-Schema berücksichtigen die im Prozess enthaltenen XPath-Ausdrücke auswerten. Eine solche Datenanalyse ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf den Kontrollfluss und dient so beispielsweise zur Optimierung eines WS-BPEL-Prozesses. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur abstrakten Interpetation von XPath-Ausdrücken in WS-BPEL-Prozessen vorgestellt. Dafür wird ein umfassendes Datenmodell für WS-BPEL-Prozesse sowie die enthaltenen XPath-Ausdrücke entwickelt. Auf Grundlage des entwickelten Datenmodells stellen wir eine statische Analyse vor, die die XPath-Ausdrücke in einem WS-BPEL-Prozess abstrakt interpretiert. Die Analyse berechnet dabei die Wertebereiche für Variablen und Bedingungen in WS-BPEL-Prozessen.
    close
    close
  • Jens Kleine
    Abstrakte Petrinetzmuster für BPEL unter Bewahrung von Verklemmungen
    Studienarbeit, oct 2006
    Wir präsentieren die Reduktion einer Petrinetzsemantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, die alle Verklemmungen bewahrt und dabei die Petrinetzmuster so stark verkleinert, dass Model-Checking größerer Geschäftsprozesse ermöglicht wird. Dies geschieht, indem wir jedes Petrinetzmuster einzeln betrachten und verkleinern. Bisherige Versuche der computergestützten Analyse scheiterten auf Grund der Größe und Komplexität der entstandenen Petrinetze.
    close
    close
  • Peter Laufer
    Grundlagen für die Anpassung der Petrinetz-Semantik an WS-BPEL 2.0
    Studienarbeit, may 2006
    Die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL) ist eine Sprache zur Definitionvon Geschäftsprozessen als Web Services. Um Eigenschaften eines BPEL-Prozesses verifizieren zu können, entwickelte Stahl eine Transformation von BPEL4WS 1.1 in Petrinetze. Als Ergebnis des Standardisierungsprozesses von BPEL wird demnächst die Version WS-BPEL 2.0 verabschiedet werden. Da auch WS-BPEL 2.0 eine textuelle informelle Spezifikation zugrunde liegen wird, wäre eine angepasste Petrinetz-Semantik für Verifikationszwecke weiterhin sehr hilfreich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es deshalb, die nderungen von WS-BPEL 2.0 im Vergleich zum Vorgänger BPEL4WS 1.1 zu dokumentieren und Vorschläge in Bezug auf die Anpassung der vorhandenen Petrinetz-Semantik zu geben. Die Betrachtungen beziehen sich dabei auf eine Entwurfsfassung der kommenden Spezifikation von WS-BPEL 2.0 vom 16. März 2006.
    close
    close
  • Sebastian Hinz
    Implementierung einer Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2005
    BPEL ist eine Modellierungssprache zur Beschreibung von verteilten Geschäftsprozessen mit Webservices. Um mit formalen Methoden die Sprache selbst und in BPEL modellierte Prozesse verifizieren zu können, wird eine formale Semantik benötigt. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen wurde bereits eine solche Semantik entwickelt. Um die Analyse eines Prozesses zu ermöglichen wird ein Werkzeug benötigt, das die Transformation des Prozesses in ein Petrinetz übernimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein solches Werkzeug entwickelt, vorgestellt und seine Funktionsweise erläutert.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Ein Ansatz einer formalen Semantik der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services mit Abstract State Machines
    Studienarbeit, aug 2004
    In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Definition einer formalen Semantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (kurz BPEL4WS) von IBM, Microsoft und deren Industriepartnern vor. Zur Formalisierung wählen wir den Abstract-State-Machine-Formalismus (kurz ASM), dessen theoretische Fundierung es uns erlaubt, die Semantik von BPEL4WS auf der selben Abstraktionsebene zur formalisieren, die in der informalen BPEL4WS-Spezifikation vorgegeben ist. Wir werden den inneren Aufbau der Sprache präzise, formal abbilden und damit eine intuitiv und anschaulich nachvollziehbare Entsprechung zwischen den Abläufen eines BPEL4WSProzesses gemäß der gegebenen informalen Semantik und unserer formalen Semantik aufzeigen. Dazu analysieren wir die Struktur von BPEL4WS und zeigen mit welchen Mitteln des ASM-Formalismus diese adäquat, formal erfasst werden und wie in ASM notierte Spezifikationen zu lesen sind. Hierzu werden wir beispielhaft ausgewählte, syntaktische Konstrukte von BPEL4WS nach unserem Ansatz formalisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die informale BPEL4WS-Spezifikation v1.1, veröffentlicht am 5. Mai 2003.
    close
    close
  • Carsten Frenkler
    BPEL-Boxen. Ein Modell zur Integration von Transaktionskonzepten in Geschäftsprozesse mit Petrinetzen
    Studienarbeit, feb 2004
    close
  • Christian Stahl
    Transformation von BPEL4WS in Petrinetze
    Diplomarbeit, apr 2004
    BPEL4WS ist eine Sprache zur Beschreibung verteilter Geschäftsprozesse mit Web Services. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, die Sprache trotz ihrer Komplexität zu verstehen, um mit ihr im Umfeld von Web Services arbeiten zu können. Mit Hilfe einer formalen Semantik ist es möglich, die Sprache selbst und mit BPEL4WS spezifizierte Geschäftsprozesse zu verifizieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL4WS vorgestellt. Dazu wird gezeigt, dass jedes Konstrukt der Sprache BPEL4WS in ein Petrinetz-Muster übersetzt werden kann. Damit ist es möglich, jeden in der Geschäftsprozesssprache BPEL4WS modellierten Geschäftsprozess in ein Petrinetz zu transformieren. Bei der Entwicklung der Semantik kann auf Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich "Petrinetze als Werkzeug zur Geschäftsprozessmodellierung" zurückgegriffen werden.
    close
    close
  • Thomas Heidinger
    Statische Analyse von BPEL4WS-Prozessmodellen
    Studienarbeit, dec 2003
    close
  • Daniela Weinberg
    Graphische Repräsentation von BPEL
    Studienarbeit, aug 2003
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Niels Lohmann, H. M. W. Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl, Wil M. P. van der Aalst
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, aug 2007
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modeling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed.We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
    close
    close
  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Preprint, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany, nov 2007
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Complete Abstract Operational Semantics for the Web Service Business Process Execution Language
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    In this technical report we present an abstract operational semantics for the Business ProcessExecution Language for Web Services, or BPEL for short. In effect, the semantics defined herein are a variation and an extension of the semantics published first in [FGV04a] and [Far04] defined by the group of Uwe Glässer the Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. We namely add semantics for correlation handling, dead path elimination and event handling; we define the data handling on a finer level; we slightly alter the basic framework of how activities are formalized in [FGV04a] in order to achieve greater robustness against changes of the informal specification. Furthermore this technical report serves as a base for a joint work with the group of Simon Fraser University.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl
    A Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2005
    We present a pattern-based Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics is complete - it covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behav-iour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). Therefore every business process specified in BPEL can be transformed into a Petri net.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, feb 2005
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse nutzen das Internet, um auf heterogenen Rechnerstrukturen Dienste auszubieten. Modellierungstechniken und Implementierungssprachen für solche Dienste werfen im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Rechnern grundlegend neue Fragestellungen auf. Wir diskutieren einige davon und zeigen, wie Petrinetze ihre Beantwortung ermöglichen.
    close
    close
  • Axel Martens, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Dirk Fahland, Thomas Heidinger
    Business Process Execution Language for Web services - Semantik, Analyse und Visualisierung
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2004
    Moderne Systeme der Informationstechnik bestehen zumeist aus einer Vielzahl von Komponenten, die in einem Netzwerk auf verteilten Knoten ausgeführt werden. Mit dem Web-Service-Ansatz können solche Systeme einfacher und flexibler entwickelt werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Modellierung, Visualisierung und Analyse von Web Services. Ein Web Service kapselt eine Anwendung und stellt diese über ein wohldefiniertes Interface der Außenwelt zur Verfügung. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen dienen eine Reihe zusammenhängender Technologien zur Beschreibung eines Web Service. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der internen Struktur eines Web Service, beschrieben mit Hilfe der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) [ACD+02]. Der Web-Service-Ansatz bietet ein homogenes Konzept von Komponenten und ihrer Komposition ber einem heterogenen Netzwerk. Damit ist die syntaktische Grundlage für die Entwicklung verteilter Systeme gelegt. Wesentlich für den Erfolg der Web Services ist jedoch die Beantwortung der semantischen Fragestellungen: Passen zwei gegebene Web Services inhaltlich zusammen? Kann in einem verteilten System ein gegebener Web Service durch einen anderen ersetzt werden? Entspricht ein konkreter Web Service einer gegebenen abstrakten Spezifikation? Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Beantwortung dieser und weiterer Fragestellungen im Web-Service-Ansatz: In einem ersten Schritt entwickeln wir eine formale Semantik für die Sprache BPEL4WS. Darauf aufbauend werden Methoden zur Analyse verteilter Systeme auf die konkreten Anforderungen bertragen und neue Verfahren entwickelt. Für die Diskussion der Modelle und Eigenschaften entwickeln wir eine intuitive graphische Repräsentation der Sprache BPEL4WS. Das Ziel der Forschungen ist die Umsetzung der Methoden in einem integrierten Entwicklungswerkzeug für BPEL4WS. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die ersten Ergebnisse in einem laufenden Projekt.
    close
    close

Bpel-semantik (17)

Bpel-semantik

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Wei-Ying Ma and Andrew Tomkins and Xiaodong Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2008, Beijing, China, April 21--25, 2008, apr 2008
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann
    A Feature-Complete Petri Net Semantics for WS-BPEL 2.0
    Kees van Hee and Wolfgang Reisig and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Approaches to Business Processes and Web Services (FABPWS'07), University of Podlasie, jun 2007
    We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting BPEL Processes
    In Business Process Management, 4th International Conference, BPM 2006, Vienna, Austria, September 5-7, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4102 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2006
    This paper addresses the problem of analyzing theinteraction between BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a BPEL process and transforms it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
    close
    close
  • Sebastian Hinz, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Transforming BPEL to Petri Nets
    Wil M. P. van der Aalst and B. Benatallah and F. Casati and F. Curbera, editors
    In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2005), volume 3649 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Nancy, France, sep 2005
    We present a Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behaviour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). The semantics is implemented as a parser that translates BPEL specifications into the input language of the Petri net model checking tool LoLA. We demonstrate that the semantics is well suited for computer aided verification purposes.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Wolfgang Reisig
    ASM-based semantics for BPEL: The negative Control Flow
    Danièle Beauquier and Egon Börger and Anatol Slissenko, editors
    In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Abstract State Machines (ASM'05), Paris XII, mar 2005
    BPEL is presently the most prominent language to specify and execute business processes, using Web Services as its technological basis. Particular problems arise when activities are faulty: faults have to be propagated, other activities have to be irregularly terminated, etc. We describe the formal semantics of fault handlers and event handlers, demonstrating that ASMs are most adequate for this purpose.
    close
    close
  • Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    A Petri net semantic for BPEL4WS - validation and application
    Ekkart Kindler, editors
    In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets (AWPN'04), Universität Paderborn, oct 2004
    We translated a small business process into a recently defined Petri net semantic. Then we used the tool LoLA for validating the semantic as well as for proving relevant properties of the particular process.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Niels Lohmann, Eric Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    volume 4 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 4 (1), 2009
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modelling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed. We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
    close
    close
  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting WS-BPEL Processes Using Flexible Model Generation
    volume 64 of Data Knowl. Eng. 64 (1), jan 2008
    We address the problem of analyzing the interaction between WS-BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a WS-BPEL process and translates it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). To manage processes of realistic size, we present a concept of a \emphflexible model generation which allows the generation of compact Petri net models. A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
    close
    close
  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Peter Laufer
    Grundlagen für die Anpassung der Petrinetz-Semantik an WS-BPEL 2.0
    Studienarbeit, may 2006
    Die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL) ist eine Sprache zur Definitionvon Geschäftsprozessen als Web Services. Um Eigenschaften eines BPEL-Prozesses verifizieren zu können, entwickelte Stahl eine Transformation von BPEL4WS 1.1 in Petrinetze. Als Ergebnis des Standardisierungsprozesses von BPEL wird demnächst die Version WS-BPEL 2.0 verabschiedet werden. Da auch WS-BPEL 2.0 eine textuelle informelle Spezifikation zugrunde liegen wird, wäre eine angepasste Petrinetz-Semantik für Verifikationszwecke weiterhin sehr hilfreich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es deshalb, die nderungen von WS-BPEL 2.0 im Vergleich zum Vorgänger BPEL4WS 1.1 zu dokumentieren und Vorschläge in Bezug auf die Anpassung der vorhandenen Petrinetz-Semantik zu geben. Die Betrachtungen beziehen sich dabei auf eine Entwurfsfassung der kommenden Spezifikation von WS-BPEL 2.0 vom 16. März 2006.
    close
    close
  • Jens Kleine
    Abstrakte Petrinetzmuster für BPEL unter Bewahrung von Verklemmungen
    Studienarbeit, oct 2006
    Wir präsentieren die Reduktion einer Petrinetzsemantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, die alle Verklemmungen bewahrt und dabei die Petrinetzmuster so stark verkleinert, dass Model-Checking größerer Geschäftsprozesse ermöglicht wird. Dies geschieht, indem wir jedes Petrinetzmuster einzeln betrachten und verkleinern. Bisherige Versuche der computergestützten Analyse scheiterten auf Grund der Größe und Komplexität der entstandenen Petrinetze.
    close
    close
  • Sebastian Hinz
    Implementierung einer Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2005
    BPEL ist eine Modellierungssprache zur Beschreibung von verteilten Geschäftsprozessen mit Webservices. Um mit formalen Methoden die Sprache selbst und in BPEL modellierte Prozesse verifizieren zu können, wird eine formale Semantik benötigt. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen wurde bereits eine solche Semantik entwickelt. Um die Analyse eines Prozesses zu ermöglichen wird ein Werkzeug benötigt, das die Transformation des Prozesses in ein Petrinetz übernimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein solches Werkzeug entwickelt, vorgestellt und seine Funktionsweise erläutert.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Ein Ansatz einer formalen Semantik der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services mit Abstract State Machines
    Studienarbeit, aug 2004
    In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Definition einer formalen Semantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (kurz BPEL4WS) von IBM, Microsoft und deren Industriepartnern vor. Zur Formalisierung wählen wir den Abstract-State-Machine-Formalismus (kurz ASM), dessen theoretische Fundierung es uns erlaubt, die Semantik von BPEL4WS auf der selben Abstraktionsebene zur formalisieren, die in der informalen BPEL4WS-Spezifikation vorgegeben ist. Wir werden den inneren Aufbau der Sprache präzise, formal abbilden und damit eine intuitiv und anschaulich nachvollziehbare Entsprechung zwischen den Abläufen eines BPEL4WSProzesses gemäß der gegebenen informalen Semantik und unserer formalen Semantik aufzeigen. Dazu analysieren wir die Struktur von BPEL4WS und zeigen mit welchen Mitteln des ASM-Formalismus diese adäquat, formal erfasst werden und wie in ASM notierte Spezifikationen zu lesen sind. Hierzu werden wir beispielhaft ausgewählte, syntaktische Konstrukte von BPEL4WS nach unserem Ansatz formalisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die informale BPEL4WS-Spezifikation v1.1, veröffentlicht am 5. Mai 2003.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl
    Transformation von BPEL4WS in Petrinetze
    Diplomarbeit, apr 2004
    BPEL4WS ist eine Sprache zur Beschreibung verteilter Geschäftsprozesse mit Web Services. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, die Sprache trotz ihrer Komplexität zu verstehen, um mit ihr im Umfeld von Web Services arbeiten zu können. Mit Hilfe einer formalen Semantik ist es möglich, die Sprache selbst und mit BPEL4WS spezifizierte Geschäftsprozesse zu verifizieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL4WS vorgestellt. Dazu wird gezeigt, dass jedes Konstrukt der Sprache BPEL4WS in ein Petrinetz-Muster übersetzt werden kann. Damit ist es möglich, jeden in der Geschäftsprozesssprache BPEL4WS modellierten Geschäftsprozess in ein Petrinetz zu transformieren. Bei der Entwicklung der Semantik kann auf Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich "Petrinetze als Werkzeug zur Geschäftsprozessmodellierung" zurückgegriffen werden.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Niels Lohmann, H. M. W. Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl, Wil M. P. van der Aalst
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, aug 2007
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modeling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed.We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Complete Abstract Operational Semantics for the Web Service Business Process Execution Language
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    In this technical report we present an abstract operational semantics for the Business ProcessExecution Language for Web Services, or BPEL for short. In effect, the semantics defined herein are a variation and an extension of the semantics published first in [FGV04a] and [Far04] defined by the group of Uwe Glässer the Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. We namely add semantics for correlation handling, dead path elimination and event handling; we define the data handling on a finer level; we slightly alter the basic framework of how activities are formalized in [FGV04a] in order to achieve greater robustness against changes of the informal specification. Furthermore this technical report serves as a base for a joint work with the group of Simon Fraser University.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl
    A Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2005
    We present a pattern-based Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics is complete - it covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behav-iour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). Therefore every business process specified in BPEL can be transformed into a Petri net.
    close
    close
  • Axel Martens, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Dirk Fahland, Thomas Heidinger
    Business Process Execution Language for Web services - Semantik, Analyse und Visualisierung
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2004
    Moderne Systeme der Informationstechnik bestehen zumeist aus einer Vielzahl von Komponenten, die in einem Netzwerk auf verteilten Knoten ausgeführt werden. Mit dem Web-Service-Ansatz können solche Systeme einfacher und flexibler entwickelt werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Modellierung, Visualisierung und Analyse von Web Services. Ein Web Service kapselt eine Anwendung und stellt diese über ein wohldefiniertes Interface der Außenwelt zur Verfügung. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen dienen eine Reihe zusammenhängender Technologien zur Beschreibung eines Web Service. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der internen Struktur eines Web Service, beschrieben mit Hilfe der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) [ACD+02]. Der Web-Service-Ansatz bietet ein homogenes Konzept von Komponenten und ihrer Komposition ber einem heterogenen Netzwerk. Damit ist die syntaktische Grundlage für die Entwicklung verteilter Systeme gelegt. Wesentlich für den Erfolg der Web Services ist jedoch die Beantwortung der semantischen Fragestellungen: Passen zwei gegebene Web Services inhaltlich zusammen? Kann in einem verteilten System ein gegebener Web Service durch einen anderen ersetzt werden? Entspricht ein konkreter Web Service einer gegebenen abstrakten Spezifikation? Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Beantwortung dieser und weiterer Fragestellungen im Web-Service-Ansatz: In einem ersten Schritt entwickeln wir eine formale Semantik für die Sprache BPEL4WS. Darauf aufbauend werden Methoden zur Analyse verteilter Systeme auf die konkreten Anforderungen bertragen und neue Verfahren entwickelt. Für die Diskussion der Modelle und Eigenschaften entwickeln wir eine intuitive graphische Repräsentation der Sprache BPEL4WS. Das Ziel der Forschungen ist die Umsetzung der Methoden in einem integrierten Entwicklungswerkzeug für BPEL4WS. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die ersten Ergebnisse in einem laufenden Projekt.
    close
    close

Dawn (3)

Dawn

    Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Abdourahaman
    DAWN-ILF Tool. Modelchecking Anwendung
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2000
    close
  • S. Unger
    Automatisches Überprüfen von DAWN-Beweisen
    Diplomarbeit, oct 1999
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Michael Weber, Rolf Walter, Hagen Völzer, Tobias Vesper, Wolfgang Reisig, Sibylle Peuker, Ekkard Kindler, Jörn Freiheit, Jörg Desel
    DAWN: Petrinetzmodelle zur Verifikation Verteilter Algorithmen
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, dec 1997
    close

Deklarative Modelle (5)

Deklarative Modelle

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Dirk Fahland, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative vs. Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Maintainability
    Stefanie Rinderle-Ma and Shazia Wasim Sadiq and Frank Leymann, editors
    In Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2009 International Workshops, Ulm, Germany, September 7, 2009. Revised Papers, volume 43 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Ulm, Germany, sep 2009
    The rise of interest in declarative languages for process modeling both justifies and demands empirical investigations into their presumed advantages over more traditional, imperative alternatives. Our concern in this paper is with the ease of maintaining business process models, for example due to changing performance or conformance demands. We aim to contribute to a rigorous, theoretical discussion of this topic by drawing a link to well-established research on maintainability of information artifacts.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland, Daniel Lübke, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative versus Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Understandability
    John Krogstie and Terry Halpin and Erik Proper, editors
    In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Exploring Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD'09), volume 29 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer-Verlag, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jun 2009
    Advantages and shortcomings of different process modeling languages are heavily debated, both in academia and industry, but little evidence is presented to support judgements. With this paper we aim to contribute to a more rigorous, theoretical discussion of the topic by drawing a link to well-established research on program comprehension. In particular, we focus on imperative and declarative techniques of modeling a process. Cognitive research has demonstrated that imperative programs deliver sequential information much better while declarative programs offer clear insight into circumstantial information. In this paper we show that in principle this argument can be transferred to respective features of process modeling languages. Our contribution is a pair of propositions that are routed in the cognitive dimensions framework. In future research, we aim to challenge these propositions by an experiment.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Modeling and Verifying Declarative Workflows
    In Dagstuhl ''zehn plus eins'', Verlagshaus Mainz, Aachen, 2007
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Synthesizing Petri nets from LTL specifications - An engineering approach
    Philippi, Stephan and Pinl, Alexander, editors
    In Proceedings 14.Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze (AWPN), Arbeitsbericht aus dem Fach Informatik, Nr. 25/2007, Universität Koblenz-Landau, D, September 2007
    In this paper we present a pattern-based approach for synthesizing truly distributed Petri nets from a class of LTL specifications. The synthesis allows for the automatic, correct generation of humanly conceivable Petri nets, thus circumventing a manual construction of nets, or the use of Büuchi automata which are not distributed and often less intuitive to understand.
    close
    close
  • Dirk Fahland
    Towards Analyzing Declarative Workflows
    Jana Koehler and Marco Pistore and Amit P. Sheth and Paolo Traverso and Martin Wirsing, editors
    In Autonomous and Adaptive Web Services, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, 2007
    Enacting tasks in a workflow cannot always follow a pre-defined process model. In application domains like disaster management workflows are partially specified and circumstances of their enactment change. There exist various approaches for formal workflow models that are effective in such situations, like declarative specifications instead of operational models for formalizing flexible workflow process. These powerful models leave a gap to existing techniques in the domain of workflow modeling, workflow analysis, and workflow management. In this paper we bridge this gap with a compositional mechanism for translating declarative workflow models to operational workflow models. The mechanism is of a general nature and we reveal its principles as we provide an exemplary definition for translating DecSerFlow models based on LTL to Petri nets. We then demonstrate its use in analyzing and refining declarative models.
    close
    close

Endzustände (1)

Endzustände

    Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Christian Gierds
    Ein schärferes Kriterium für die Wahl von Endzuständen in Bedienungsanleitungen, Liberalsten Partnern und Public Views
    Studienarbeit, oct 2007
    In der Welt der Service Orientierten Architektur (SOA) besteht der Bedarf, Dienste auf ihre mögliche Interaktion mit anderen Diensten hin zu untersuchen. Dienste werden wir in Form von Serviceautomaten betrachten, die als asynchron kommunizierende Automaten definiert sind. Um die Frage einer sinnvollen, also verklemmungsfreien Kommunikation zu klären, gibt es das Konzept der Bedienungsanleitungen. Wie werden für diese ein scharfes Kriterium für die Wahl der Endzustände angeben und zeigen, dass diese Wahl sich in vorhandene Konzepte integriert. Besonderes Augenmerk werden wir dabei auf den Liberalsten Partner und den Public View eines Serviceautomaten werfen und an diesen unsere Definition rechtfertigen.
    close
    close

Exchangeability (15)

Exchangeability

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Christian Stahl
    Service Substitution - A Behavioral Approach Based on Petri Nets
    Dissertation, Dec 2009
    Service-Oriented Computing is an emerging computing paradigm that supports the modular design of (software) systems. Complex systems are designed by composing less complex systems, called services. Such a (complex) system is a distributed application often involving several cooperating enterprises. As a system usually changes over time, individual services will be substituted by other services. Substituting one service by another one should not affect the correctness of the overall system. Assuring correctness becomes particularly challenging, as the services rely on each other, and each of the involved enterprises only oversees a part of the overall system. In addition, services communicate asynchronously which makes the analysis even more difficult. For this reason, formal methods to support service substitution are indispensable. In this thesis, we study service substitution at the level of service models. Thereby we restrict ourselves to service behavior. As a formalism to model service behavior, we use Petri nets. The first contribution of this thesis is the definition of several substitutability criteria that are suitable in the context of Service-Oriented Computing. Substituting a service S by a service S' should preserve some behavioral properties of the overall system. For each set of behavioral properties and a given service S, there exists a set of behaviorally compatible services for S. A substitutability criterion defines which of these behaviorally compatible services of S have to be preserved by S'. We relate our substitutability criteria to preorders and equivalences known from process theory. The second contribution of this thesis is to present, for each substitutability criterion, a procedure to decide whether a service S' can substitute a service S. The decision requires the comparison of the in general infinite sets of behaviorally compatible services for the services S and S'. Hence, we extend existing work on an abstract representation of all behaviorally compatible services for a given service. For each notion of behavioral compatibility, we present an algorithmic solution to represent all behaviorally compatible services. Based on these representations, we can decide substitutability of a service S by a service S'. The third contribution of this thesis is a method to support the design of a service S' that can substitute a service $S$ according to a substitutability criterion. Our approach is to derive a service S' from the service S by stepwise transformation. To this end, we present several transformation rules. Finally, we formalize and we extend the equivalence notion for services specified in the language WS-BPEL. That way, we demonstrate the applicability of our work.
    close
    close
  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Jarungjit Parnjai, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    A finite representation of all substitutable services and its applications
    Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann, editors
    In Services and their Composition, 1st Central-European Workshop on, ZEUS 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, March 2--3, 2009, volume 438 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, mar 2009
    We present a finite representation of all substitutable services P' of a given service P. We show that our approach can be used for at least two applications: (1) given a finite set of services \mathcalP = P1, ..., Pn, we provide a representation of all services P' that can substitute every Pi \in \mathcalP, and (2) given a service P'' that cannot substitute a service P, we find the most similar service P* to P'' that can substitute P.
    close
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Service Interaction: Patterns, Formalization, and Analysis
    Marco Bernardo and Luca Padovani and Gianluigi Zavattaro, editors
    In Formal Methods for Web Services (SFM 2009), volume 5569 of Springer-Verlag, apr 2009
    As systems become more service oriented and processes increasingly cross organizational boundaries, interaction becomes more important. New technologies support the development of such systems. However, the paradigm shift towards service orientation, requires a fundamentally different way of looking at processes. This survey aims to provide some foundational notions related to service interaction. A set of service interaction patterns is given to illustrate the challenges in this domain. Moreover, key results are given for three of these challenges: (1) How to expose a service?, (2) How to replace and refine services?, and (3) How to generate service adapters? These challenges will be addressed in a Petri net setting. However, the results extend to other languages used in this domain.
    close
    close
  • Nannette Liske, Niels Lohmann, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Another Approach to Service Instance Migration
    Luciano Baresi and Chi-Hung Chi and Jun Suzuki, editors
    In Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2009, 7th International Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, November 24-27, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, nov 2009
    Services change over time, be it for internal improvements, be it for external requirements such as new legal regulations. For long running services, it may even be necessary to change a service while instances are actually running and interacting with other services. This problem is referred to as instance migration. We present a novel approach to the behavioral (service protocol) aspects of instance migration. We apply techniques for finitely characterizing the set of all correctly interacting partners to a given service. The approach assures that migration does not introduce behavioral problems with any running partner of the original service. Our technique scales up to services with thousands of states, including models of real WS-BPEL processes.
    close
    close
  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Wei-Ying Ma and Andrew Tomkins and Xiaodong Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2008, Beijing, China, April 21--25, 2008, apr 2008
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
    close
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    From Public Views to Private Views -- Correctness-by-Design for Services
    Marlon Dumas and Reiko Heckel, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Forth International Workshop, WS-FM 2007 Brisbane, Australia, September 28-29, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4937 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2008
    Service orientation is a means for integrating across diverse systems. Each resource, whether an application, system, or trading partner, can be accessed as a service. The resulting architecture, often referred to as SOA, has been an important enabler for interorganizational processes. Apart from technological issues that need to be addressed, it is important that all parties involved in such processes agree on the "rules of engagement". Therefore, we propose to use a contract that specifies the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Each party may then implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (i.e., the private view) accords with the contract. In this paper, we define a suitable notion of accordance inspired by the asynchronous nature of services. Moreover, we present several transformation rules for incrementally building a private view such that accordance with the contract is guaranteed by construction. These rules include adding internal tasks as well as the reordering of messages and are therefore much more powerful than existing correctness-preserving construction rules.
    close
    close
  • Wolfgang Reisig, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Wolf, Kathrin Kaschner
    Analysis Techniques for Service Models
    In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, 2006 (ISoLA 2006), 15-19 November 2006, Paphos, Cyprus, IEEE Computer Society, nov 2006
    The paradigm of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for interorganizational business processes and for the emerging programming-in-the-large. The basic idea of SOC, the interaction of services, rises a lot of issues such as proper termination of interacting services or substitution of a service by another one. Such issues can be addressed by means of models of services. We show how services can intelligibly be modeled, and we present algorithms and tools to analyze properties of service models. To make sure that our models properly reflect real world issues of services, we model and investigate services represented in established languages such as WS-BPEL.
    close
    close
  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    volume 53 of The Computer Journal 53 (1), 2010
    To implement an interorganizational process between different enterprizes, one needs to agree on the ``rules of engagement''. These can be specified in terms of a contract that describes the overall intended process and the duties of all parties involved. We propose to use such a process-oriented contract which can be seen as the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Based on this contract each party may locally implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (the private view) agrees on the contract. In this paper, we propose a formal notion for such process-oriented contracts and give a criterion for accordance between a private view and its public view. The public view of a party can be substituted by a private view if and only if the private view accords with the public view. Using the notion of accordance the overall implemented process is guaranteed to be deadlock-free and it is always possible to terminate properly. In addition, we present a technique for automatically checking our accordance criterion. A case study illustrates how our proposed approach can be used in practice.
    close
    close
  • Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Marc Voorhoeve
    Relating Fair Testing and Accordance for Service Replaceability
    Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 2010
    The accordance pre-order describes whether a service can safely be replaced by another service. That is, all partners for the original service should be partners for the new service. Partners for a service interact with the service in such a way that always a certain common goal can be reached. We relate the accordance pre-order to the pre-orders known from the linear-branching time spectrum, notably fair testing. The differences between accordance and fair testing include the modeling of termination and success, and the parts of the services that cannot be used reliably by any partner. Apart from the theoretical results, we address the practical relevance of the introduced concepts.
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Deciding Service Composition and Substitutability Using Extended Operating Guidelines
    volume 68 of Data Knowl. Eng. 68 (9), 2009
    We study the correct interaction between services using the following notion for correctness: there is no deadlock in the interaction of the services, and a given set of activities is not dead, that is, each activity in this set is executed in at least one run. The second condition has not been studied before. An operating guideline of a service P is an operational characterization of all deadlock-free interacting partners of P. In this paper, we present an extension of the concept of an operating guideline to characterize all correctly interacting partners of a service P. This extension can be used for answering at least the following two questions. First, given a service R, does R interact correctly with P? Second, given a service P', can P be substituted by P', that is, is every correctly interacting partner of P a correctly interacting partner of P', too?
    close
    close
  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2 (5460), Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    Deciding whether a service S can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of restriction can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
    close
    close
  • Technische Berichte

  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, apr 2008
    Deciding whether a service $S$ can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of deprecation can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
    close
    close
  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Preprint, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany, nov 2007
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
    close
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Peter Massuthe, Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Erratum -- Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jun 2007
    close
  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jun 2007
    A contract specifies an interorganizational process together with a distribution of responsibilities for the activities among the parties involved. In this paper, we formally show how a party can implement its part of the contract such that the implementation accords with the contract. We propose a formal notion of a contract and give a criterion for accordance between a local implementation and a contract such that, if all local implementations accord with the contract, the overall process is deadlock-free and it is always possible to terminate properly. Then, we sketch a technique for automatically checking the proposed accordance criterion. Finally, we present accordance-preserving transformation rules. These rules can be used to implement a part of the contract while preserving the accordance criterion.
    close
    close

Gals (8)

Gals

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Eckhard Grass, Frank Winkler, Milos Krstic, Alexandra Julius, Christian Stahl, Maxim Piz
    Enhanced GALS Techniques for Datapath Applications
    Vassilis Paliouras and Johan Vounckx and Diederik Verkest, editors
    In Integrated Circuit and System Design: 15th International Workshop, PATMOS 2005, Leuven, Belgium, September 20-23, 2005, volume 3728 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, aug 2005
    Based on a previously reported request driven technique for Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous (GALS) circuits this paper presents two significant enhancements. Firstly, the previously required local ring oscillators are avoided. Instead, an external clock with arbitrary phase for each GALS block is used. Details of the required wrapper circuitry, the proposed design flow and performance are provided. Secondly, to reduce supply noise, a novel approach applying individual clock jitter for GALS blocks is proposed. A simulation using the jitter technique shows that for a typical GALS system, the power spectrum of the supply current can be reduced by about 15 dB.
    close