Publikationen (nach Jahr sortiert)

2013 (1)

2013

    Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Aurèle Destailleur
    Verteilung von Service-Adaptern
    Studienarbeit, jan 2013
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2012 (7)

2012

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Kristian Duske, Richard Müller
    A Survey on Approaches for Timed Services
    Andreas Schönberger and Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann, editors
    In Proceedings of the 4th Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS-2012, Bamberg, Germany, February 23-24, 2012, volume 847 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2012
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  • Richard Müller, W. M. P. van der Aalst, Christian Stahl
    Conformance Checking of Services Using the Best Matching Private View
    In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Web Services and Formal Methods, WS-FM 2012 September 6-7, 2012, Tallinn, Estonia, 2012
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  • Walter Vogler, Christian Stahl, Richard Müller
    A Trace-Based Semantics for Responsiveness
    Jens Brandt and Keijo Heljanko, editors
    In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design, ACSD 2012, Hamburg, Germany, June 27-29, 2012, IEEE, 2012
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  • Richard Müller, Christian Stahl
    Deciding the Precongruence for Deadlock Freedom Using Operating Guidelines
    Michael Köhler-Bußmeier, editors
    In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Petri Nets Compositions, CompoNet'12, Hamburg, Germany, June 25-26, 2012, volume 853 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, jun 2012
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  • Dirk Fahland, Robert Prüfer
    Data and Abstraction for Scenario-Based Modeling with Petri Nets
    In Petri Nets, 2012
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Christian Gierds, Arjan J. Mooij, Karsten Wolf
    Reducing Adapter Synthesis to Controller Synthesis
    volume 5 of IEEE T. Services Computing 5 (1), 2012
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Janine Ott
    Entwicklung einer grafischen Benutzeroberfläche für Tools4BPEL
    Studienarbeit, jul 2012
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2011 (11)

2011

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Modeling in Systems Biology, The Petri Net Approach
    Ina Koch and Wolfgang Reisig and Falk Schreiber, editors
    volume 16 of Computational Biology, Springer, 2011
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Petri Nets
    Ina Koch and Wolfgang Reisig and Falk Schreiber, editors
    In Modeling in Systems Biology, The Petri Net Approach, Springer, 2011
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Jarungjit Parnjai
    Filtering Undesirable Service Substitution Behaviors using Filtering Guidelines
    Daniel Eichhorn and Agnes Koschmider and Huayu Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 3rd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany, February 21--22, 2011, volume 705 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2011
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  • Arjan Mooij, Jarungjit Parnjai, Christian Stahl, Marc Voorhoeve
    Constructing Replaceable Services Using Operating Guidelines and Maximal Controllers
    Bravetti, Mario and Bultan, Tevfik, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, volume 6551 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011
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  • Dieter Schuller, Jan Sürmeli
    Dienstgüte-basierte Service-Selektion für Zustandsbehaftete Services
    Daniel Eichhorn and Agnes Koschmider and Huayu Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 3rd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany, February 21--22, 2011, volume 705 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2011
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  • Jan Sürmeli
    Towards deciding policy violation during service discovery
    Daniel Eichhorn and Agnes Koschmider and Huayu Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 3rd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany, February 21--22, 2011, volume 705 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2011
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  • Richard Müller, Andreas Rogge-Solti
    BPMN for Healthcare Processes
    Daniel Eichhorn and Agnes Koschmider and Huayu Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 3rd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany, February 21--22, 2011, volume 705 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2011
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  • Christoph Wagner
    A Data-Centric Approach to Deadlock Elimination in Business Processes
    Daniel Eichhorn and Agnes Koschmider and Huayu Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 3rd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany, February 21--22, 2011, volume 705 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2011
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Rezension - Die vergessene Revolution oder die Wiedergeburt des antiken Wissens
    volume 34 of Informatik Spektrum, Springer 34, december 2011
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Maxim Rohrmoser
    Verteilende Transitionsverfeinerung
    Studienarbeit, nov 2011
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  • Alexander Schulz
    Adaption szenario-basierter Modelle zur Laufzeit
    Diplomarbeit, apr 2011
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2010 (19)

2010

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Proceedings of the 2nd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2010, Berlin, Germany, February 25--26, 2010
    Christian Gierds and Jan Sürmeli, editors
    In Services und ihre Komposition, volume 563 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2010
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Petrinetze: Modellierungstechnik, Analysemethoden, Fallstudien
    Leitfäden der Informatik, Vieweg+Teubner, 15 July 2010
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  • Fields of Logic and Computation, Essays Dedicated to Yuri Gurevich on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday
    Andreas Blass and Nachum Dershowitz and Wolfgang Reisig, editors
    In Fields of Logic and Computation, volume 6300 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2010
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Christian Gierds, Jan Sürmeli
    Estimating costs of a service
    Christian Gierds and Jan Sürmeli, editors
    In Proceedings of the 2nd Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2010, Berlin, Germany, February 25--26, 2010, volume 563 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2010
    When designing a publicly available Web service, a service designer has to take care of costs and revenue caused by this services. In the very beginning possible partners might only be vaguely known, or the service behavior contains arbitrary repetitions. Then the estimation of costs for running this service is difficult and decisions based on them can hardly be made. We propose a static analysis of the service's behavior. We over-approximate possible runs and therefore costs of the service. Our approach provides a basis for reasoning about nonfunctional properties as shown for costs.
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  • Dirk Fahland, Matthias Weidlich
    Scenario-based process modeling with Greta
    Marcello La Rosa, editors
    In Proc. of BPM Demonstration Track 2010, Hoboken, USA, September 14-16, 2010, volume 615 of CEUR-WS.org, Hoboken, USA, September 2010
    Designing understandable business process models is one of the key factors to successful business process management. Current modeling practices advocate the use of block-oriented concepts and subprocesses to structure complex process models. However, such guidelines cannot be applied in any case as case studies in process mining have shown. Previously, we proposed the scenario-based paradigm to structure models of complex processes in behavioral fragments, i.e., scenarios. This paper presents GRETA as a tool that supports scenario-based process modeling and execution.
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  • Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal, Jakob Pinggera, Dirk Fahland, Barbara Weber, Hajo Reijers, Jan Mendling
    The Impact of Sequential and Circumstantial Changes on Process Models
    Bela Mutschler and Jan Recker and Roel Wieringa, editors
    In Proc. ER-POIS 2010, held in conjunction with CAiSE 2010, volume 603 of CEUR-WS, 2010
    While process modeling has become important for documenting business operations and automating workflow execution, there are serious issues with efficiently and effectively creating and modifying process models. While prior research has mainly investigated process model comprehension, there is hardly any work on maintainability of process models. Cognitive research into software program comprehension has demonstrated that imperative programs are strong in conveying sequential information while obfuscating circumstantial information. This paper addresses the question whether these findings can be transferred to process model maintenance. In particular, it investigates whether it is easier to incorporate sequential change requirements in imperative process models compared to circumstantial change requirements. To address this question this paper presents results from a controlled experiment providing evidence that the type of change (sequential versus circumstantial) has an effect on the accuracy of process models. For performance indicators modeling speed, correctness, and cognitive load no statistically significant differences could be identified.
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  • Jakob Pinggera, Stefan Zugal, Barbara Weber, Dirk Fahland, Matthias Weidlich, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers
    How the Structuring of Domain Knowledge Can Help Casual Process Modelers
    In ER 2010, 2010
    Modeling business processes has become a common activity in industry, but it is increasingly carried out by non-experts. This raises a challenge: How to ensure that the resulting process models are of sufficient quality? This paper contends that a prior structuring of domain knowledge, as found in informal specifications, will positively influence the act of process modeling in various measures of performance. This idea is tested and confirmed with a controlled experiment, which involved 83 master students in business administration and industrial engineering from Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Eindhoven University of Technology. In line with the reported findings, our recommendation is to explore ways to bring more structure in the specifications that are used as input for process modeling endeavors.
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  • Christoph Wagner
    Partner datenverarbeitender Services
    Martin Schwarick and Monika Heiner, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2010, Cottbus, Germany, October 07-08, 2010, volume 643 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, oct 2010
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  • Christian Gierds, Niels Lohmann
    A Graphical User Interface for Service Adaptation
    Martin Schwarick and Monika Heiner, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2010, Cottbus, Germany, October 07-08, 2010, volume 643 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, oct 2010
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  • Andreas Blass, Nachum Dershowitz, Wolfgang Reisig
    Yuri, Logic, and Computer Science
    In Fields of Logic and Computation, 2010
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    50 Jahre Verhaltensmodellierung: Vom Modellieren mit Programmen zum Programmieren mit Modellen
    In Modellierung, 2010
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  • Robert Prüfer
    On Optimizing the Sweep-Line Method
    Martin Schwarick and Monika Heiner, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2010, Cottbus, Germany, October 07-08, 2010, volume 643 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, oct 2010
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  • Richard Müller
    On the Notion of Deadlocks in Open Nets
    Martin Schwarick and Monika Heiner, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2010, Cottbus, Germany, October 07-08, 2010, volume 643 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, oct 2010
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  • Olivia Oanea, Jan Sürmeli, Karsten Wolf
    Service Discovery Using Communication Fingerprints
    Paul Maglio and Mathias Weske and Jian Yang and Marcelo Fantinato, editors
    In 8th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, ICSOC 2010, December 7-10, 2010, San Francisco, California, USA, Proceedings, volume 6470 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, dec 2010
    A request to a service registry must be answered with a service that fits in several regards, including semantic compatibility, non-functional compatibility, and interface compatibility. In the case of stateful services, there is the additional need to check behavioral (i.e. protocol) compatibility. This paper is concerned with the latter aspect. An apparant approach to establishing behavioral compatibility would be to apply the well-known technology of model checking to a composition of the provided service and the requesting service. However, this procedure must potentially be repeated for all provided services in the registry which may unprohibitively slow down the response time of the broker. Hence, we propose to insert a preprocessing step. It consists of computing an abstraction of the behavior for each published service that we call communication fingerprint. Upon request, we use the fingerprint to rule out as many as possible incompatible services thus reducing the number of candidates that need to be model checked for behavioral compatibility. The technique is based on linear programming and is thus extremely efficient. We validate our approach on a large set of services that we cut out of real world business processes.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    volume 53 of The Computer Journal 53 (1), 2010
    To implement an interorganizational process between different enterprizes, one needs to agree on the ``rules of engagement''. These can be specified in terms of a contract that describes the overall intended process and the duties of all parties involved. We propose to use such a process-oriented contract which can be seen as the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Based on this contract each party may locally implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (the private view) agrees on the contract. In this paper, we propose a formal notion for such process-oriented contracts and give a criterion for accordance between a private view and its public view. The public view of a party can be substituted by a private view if and only if the private view accords with the public view. Using the notion of accordance the overall implemented process is guaranteed to be deadlock-free and it is always possible to terminate properly. In addition, we present a technique for automatically checking our accordance criterion. A case study illustrates how our proposed approach can be used in practice.
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  • Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Marc Voorhoeve
    Relating Fair Testing and Accordance for Service Replaceability
    Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 2010
    The accordance pre-order describes whether a service can safely be replaced by another service. That is, all partners for the original service should be partners for the new service. Partners for a service interact with the service in such a way that always a certain common goal can be reached. We relate the accordance pre-order to the pre-orders known from the linear-branching time spectrum, notably fair testing. The differences between accordance and fair testing include the modeling of termination and success, and the parts of the services that cannot be used reliably by any partner. Apart from the theoretical results, we address the practical relevance of the introduced concepts.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Robert Prüfer
    Optimierung der Sweep-Line-Methode
    Diplomarbeit, apr 2010
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  • Richard Müller
    Formal Characterisation of Partners of an Open Net
    Diplomarbeit, jun 2010
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  • Technische Berichte

2009 (26)

2009

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Peter Massuthe
    Operating Guidelines for Services
    Dissertation, Apr 2009
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  • Christian Stahl
    Service Substitution - A Behavioral Approach Based on Petri Nets
    Dissertation, Dec 2009
    Service-Oriented Computing is an emerging computing paradigm that supports the modular design of (software) systems. Complex systems are designed by composing less complex systems, called services. Such a (complex) system is a distributed application often involving several cooperating enterprises. As a system usually changes over time, individual services will be substituted by other services. Substituting one service by another one should not affect the correctness of the overall system. Assuring correctness becomes particularly challenging, as the services rely on each other, and each of the involved enterprises only oversees a part of the overall system. In addition, services communicate asynchronously which makes the analysis even more difficult. For this reason, formal methods to support service substitution are indispensable. In this thesis, we study service substitution at the level of service models. Thereby we restrict ourselves to service behavior. As a formalism to model service behavior, we use Petri nets. The first contribution of this thesis is the definition of several substitutability criteria that are suitable in the context of Service-Oriented Computing. Substituting a service S by a service S' should preserve some behavioral properties of the overall system. For each set of behavioral properties and a given service S, there exists a set of behaviorally compatible services for S. A substitutability criterion defines which of these behaviorally compatible services of S have to be preserved by S'. We relate our substitutability criteria to preorders and equivalences known from process theory. The second contribution of this thesis is to present, for each substitutability criterion, a procedure to decide whether a service S' can substitute a service S. The decision requires the comparison of the in general infinite sets of behaviorally compatible services for the services S and S'. Hence, we extend existing work on an abstract representation of all behaviorally compatible services for a given service. For each notion of behavioral compatibility, we present an algorithmic solution to represent all behaviorally compatible services. Based on these representations, we can decide substitutability of a service S by a service S'. The third contribution of this thesis is a method to support the design of a service S' that can substitute a service $S$ according to a substitutability criterion. Our approach is to derive a service S' from the service S by stepwise transformation. To this end, we present several transformation rules. Finally, we formalize and we extend the equivalence notion for services specified in the language WS-BPEL. That way, we demonstrate the applicability of our work.
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets - scenario-based modeling with Petri nets
    Giuliana Franceschinis and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Petri Nets and Other Models Of Concurrency, 22-26 May 2009, volume 5606 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Paris, France, jun 2009
    We present a novel, operational, formal model for scenario-based modeling with Petri nets. A scenario-based model describes the system behavior in terms of partial runs, called scenarios. This paradigm has been formalized in message sequence charts (MSCs) and live sequence charts (LSCs) which are in industrial and academic use. A particular application for scenarios are process models in disaster management where system behavior has to be adapted frequently, occasionally at run-time. An operational semantics of scenarios would allow to execute and adapt such systems on a formal basis. In this paper, we present a class of Petri nets for specifying and modeling systems with scenarios and anti-scenarios. We provide an operational semantics allowing to iteratively construct partially ordered runs that satisfy a given specification. We prove the correctness of our results.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Service Interaction: Patterns, Formalization, and Analysis
    Marco Bernardo and Luca Padovani and Gianluigi Zavattaro, editors
    In Formal Methods for Web Services (SFM 2009), volume 5569 of Springer-Verlag, apr 2009
    As systems become more service oriented and processes increasingly cross organizational boundaries, interaction becomes more important. New technologies support the development of such systems. However, the paradigm shift towards service orientation, requires a fundamentally different way of looking at processes. This survey aims to provide some foundational notions related to service interaction. A set of service interaction patterns is given to illustrate the challenges in this domain. Moreover, key results are given for three of these challenges: (1) How to expose a service?, (2) How to replace and refine services?, and (3) How to generate service adapters? These challenges will be addressed in a Petri net setting. However, the results extend to other languages used in this domain.
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  • Dirk Fahland, Daniel Lübke, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative versus Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Understandability
    John Krogstie and Terry Halpin and Erik Proper, editors
    In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Exploring Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD'09), volume 29 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer-Verlag, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jun 2009
    Advantages and shortcomings of different process modeling languages are heavily debated, both in academia and industry, but little evidence is presented to support judgements. With this paper we aim to contribute to a more rigorous, theoretical discussion of the topic by drawing a link to well-established research on program comprehension. In particular, we focus on imperative and declarative techniques of modeling a process. Cognitive research has demonstrated that imperative programs deliver sequential information much better while declarative programs offer clear insight into circumstantial information. In this paper we show that in principle this argument can be transferred to respective features of process modeling languages. Our contribution is a pair of propositions that are routed in the cognitive dimensions framework. In future research, we aim to challenge these propositions by an experiment.
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  • Dirk Fahland, C\'edric Favre, Barbara Jobstmann, Jana Koehler, Niels Lohmann, Hagen Völzer, Karsten Wolf
    Instantaneous Soundness Checking of Industrial Business Process Models
    Umeshwar Dayal and Johann Eder and Jana Koehler and Hajo Reijers, editors
    In Business Process Management, 7th International Conference, BPM 2009, Ulm, Germany, September 8-10, 2009, Proceedings, volume 5701 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2009
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  • Dirk Fahland, Jan Mendling, Hajo Reijers, Barbara Weber, Matthias Weidlich, Stefan Zugal
    Declarative vs. Imperative Process Modeling Languages: The Issue of Maintainability
    Stefanie Rinderle-Ma and Shazia Wasim Sadiq and Frank Leymann, editors
    In Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2009 International Workshops, Ulm, Germany, September 7, 2009. Revised Papers, volume 43 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Ulm, Germany, sep 2009
    The rise of interest in declarative languages for process modeling both justifies and demands empirical investigations into their presumed advantages over more traditional, imperative alternatives. Our concern in this paper is with the ease of maintaining business process models, for example due to changing performance or conformance demands. We aim to contribute to a rigorous, theoretical discussion of this topic by drawing a link to well-established research on maintainability of information artifacts.
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  • Karsten Wolf, Christian Stahl, Janine Ott, Robert Danitz
    Verifying Livelock Freedom in an SOA Scenario
    Stephen Edwards and Walter Vogler, editors
    In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'09), IEEE Computer Society, Augsburg, Germany, jul 2009
    In a service-oriented architecture (SOA), a service broker assigns a previously published service (stored in a service registry) to a service requester. It is desirable for the composition of the requesting and the assigned service to interact properly. While proper interaction is often reduced to deadlock freedom of the composed system, we additionally consider livelock freedom as a desirable property for the interaction of services. In principle, deadlock- and livelock freedom can be verified by inspecting the state space of the composition of (public views of) the involved services. The contribution of this paper is to propose a methodology to build that state space from pre-computed fragments which are computed upon publishing a service. That way, we shift computation time from the time critical request phase of service brokerage to the less critical publish phase. Interestingly, our setting enables state space reduction methods that are intrinsically different from traditional state space reductions.
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  • Jarungjit Parnjai, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    A finite representation of all substitutable services and its applications
    Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann, editors
    In Services and their Composition, 1st Central-European Workshop on, ZEUS 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, March 2--3, 2009, volume 438 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, mar 2009
    We present a finite representation of all substitutable services P' of a given service P. We show that our approach can be used for at least two applications: (1) given a finite set of services \mathcalP = P1, ..., Pn, we provide a representation of all services P' that can substitute every Pi \in \mathcalP, and (2) given a service P'' that cannot substitute a service P, we find the most similar service P* to P'' that can substitute P.
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  • Nannette Liske, Niels Lohmann, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Another Approach to Service Instance Migration
    Luciano Baresi and Chi-Hung Chi and Jun Suzuki, editors
    In Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2009, 7th International Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, November 24-27, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, nov 2009
    Services change over time, be it for internal improvements, be it for external requirements such as new legal regulations. For long running services, it may even be necessary to change a service while instances are actually running and interacting with other services. This problem is referred to as instance migration. We present a novel approach to the behavioral (service protocol) aspects of instance migration. We apply techniques for finitely characterizing the set of all correctly interacting partners to a given service. The approach assures that migration does not introduce behavioral problems with any running partner of the original service. Our technique scales up to services with thousands of states, including models of real WS-BPEL processes.
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  • Albert Atserias, Johannes Klaus Fichte, Marc Thurley
    Clause-Learning Algorithms with Many Restarts and Bounded-Width Resolution
    In SAT, 2009
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Simple Composition of Nets
    Giuliana Franceschinis and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Petri Nets and Other Models Of Concurrency, volume 5606 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Paris, France, jun 2009
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  • Jan Sürmeli, Daniela Weinberg
    Creating Message Profiles of Open Nets
    Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann, editors
    In Proceedings of the 1st Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, March 2--3, 2009, volume 438 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2009
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  • Dirk Fahland
    A scenario is a behavioral view - Orchestrating services by scenario integration
    Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann, editors
    In Services and their Composition, 1st Central-European Workshop on, ZEUS 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, March 2--3, 2009, volume 438 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, mar 2009
    The construction of a complex service orchestration is a tedious and error-prone task as multiple service interactions with a single orchestrating service must be specifi ed and combined. We suggest to specify a service orchestration in terms of behavioral scenarios that capture a specifi c aspect of service interaction, a behavioral view in isolation. By synchronizing the different scenarios, the views get integrated and define the behavior of a complex service orchestration. Our formal model for scenarios and their integration is a class of Petri nets called oclets.
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  • Jan Sürmeli
    Profiling Services with Static Analysis
    In AWPN, volume 501 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, 2009
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Niels Lohmann, Eric Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    volume 4 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 4 (1), 2009
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modelling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed. We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
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  • Wilfried Brauer, Wolfgang Reisig
    Carl Adam Petri and ''Petri Nets''
    Erol Gelenbe and Jean-Pierre Kahane (Hrsg.), editors
    volume 3 of Advances in Computer Science and Engineering: Texts, Fundamental Concepts in Computer Science 3, Imperial College Press, 2009
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  • Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Deciding Service Composition and Substitutability Using Extended Operating Guidelines
    volume 68 of Data Knowl. Eng. 68 (9), 2009
    We study the correct interaction between services using the following notion for correctness: there is no deadlock in the interaction of the services, and a given set of activities is not dead, that is, each activity in this set is executed in at least one run. The second condition has not been studied before. An operating guideline of a service P is an operational characterization of all deadlock-free interacting partners of P. In this paper, we present an extension of the concept of an operating guideline to characterize all correctly interacting partners of a service P. This extension can be used for answering at least the following two questions. First, given a service R, does R interact correctly with P? Second, given a service P', can P be substituted by P', that is, is every correctly interacting partner of P a correctly interacting partner of P', too?
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  • Niels Lohmann, Eric Verbeek, Remco Dijkman
    Petri Net Transformations for Business Processes -- A Survey
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2, Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    In Process-Aware Information Systems, business processes are often modeled in an explicit way. Roughly spoken, the available business process modeling languages can be divided into two groups. Languages from the first group are preferred by academic people but shunned by business people, and include Petri nets and process algebras. These academic languages have a proper formal semantics, which allows the corresponding academic models to be verified in a formal way. Languages from the second group are preferred by business people but disliked by academic people, and include BPEL, BPMN, and EPCs. These business languages often lack any proper semantics, which often leads to debates on how to interpret certain business models. Nevertheless, business models are used in practice, whereas academic models are hardly used. To be able to use, for example, the abundance of Petri net verification techniques on business models, we need to be able to transform these models to Petri nets. In this paper, we investigate a number of Petri net transformations that already exist. For every transformation, we investigate the transformation itself, the constructs in the business models that are problematic for the transformation and the main applications for the transformation.
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  • Kees van Hee, Eric Verbeek, Christian Stahl, Natalia Sidorova
    A Framework for Linking and Pricing No-Cure-No-Pay Services
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2, Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    In this paper, we present a framework that allows us to orchestrate web services such that the web services involved in this orchestration interact properly. To achieve this, we predefine service interfaces and certain routing constructs. Furthermore, we define a number of rules to incrementally compute the price of such a properly interacting orchestration (i.e. a web service) from the price of its web services. The fact that a web service gets only payed after its service is delivered (no-cure-no-pay) is reflected by considering a probability of success. To determine a safe price that includes the risk a web service takes, we consider the variance of costs.
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  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Kurt Jensen and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    volume 2 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5460, Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II, Special Issue on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems 2 (5460), Springer-Verlag, mar 2009
    Deciding whether a service S can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of restriction can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Mike Herzog
    Modellierung kommunizierender Systeme
    Studienarbeit, mar 2009
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  • Robert Prüfer
    Optimierung der Sweeplinemethode
    Studienarbeit, mar 2009
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  • Jan Sürmeli
    Strukturelle Analyse von Servicenetzen
    Diplomarbeit, feb 2009
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  • Richard Müller
    Strukturelle Reduktion von Verhaltensadaptern
    Studienarbeit, dec 2009
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Universal Net Composition Operator
    Forschungsbericht, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jan 2009
    Petri nets are frequently composed of given nets. Literature suggests a lot of different composition operators, for different purposes and different classes of Petri nets. Formal definitions are frequently surprisingly technical, not matching the intuitively very elegant composition of Petri nets in the framework of their graphical representation. This paper suggests the universal net composition operator. This operator allows to specify any specific composition variant by very simple means, leaving all technical details to the operator, where they are treated once and for all. General properties of composition, in particular associativity, are inherited by all instantiations of the operator. We show the practical advantage of the universal composition operator by means of a lot of examples from various areas of Petri nets.
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2008 (38)

2008

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Modellierung 2008, 12.-14. März 2008, Berlin, Proceedings
    Thomas Kühne and Wolfgang Reisig and Friedrich Steimann, editors
    volume P-127 of Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), GI, mar 2008
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Towards a Theory of Services
    Roland Kaschek, Christian Kop, Claudia Steinberger, Guenther Fliedl (Eds.), editors
    In Information Systems and e-Business Technologies, 2nd International United Information Systems Conference, UNISCON 2008, Springer-Verlag, Klagenfurt, Austria, apr 2008
    Service-oriented Computing and Service-oriented Architectures aspire to better exploit existing middleware technologies. To this end, a more flexible, platform independent software design methodology is suggested, to develop rapid, low cost, interoperable, evolving and massively distributed software systems. Intended application areas include electronic commerce, information systems, supply chain control, and many other areas. Time is ripe to underpin this effort by theoretically well-founded concepts to model services, and to analyze such models. In this paper we suggest first proposals and principles for a comprehensive theory of services.
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  • Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Covering Places and Transitions in Open Nets
    Marlon Dumas and Manfred Reichert, editors
    In Business Process Management, 6th International Conference, BPM 2008, Milan, Italy, September 1-4, 2008, Proceedings, volume 5240 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2008
    We present a finite representation of all services M where the composition with a given service N is deadlock-free, and a given set of activities of N can be covered (i.e. is not dead). Our representation is an extension of the existing notion of an operating guideline which only cared about deadlock freedom. We further present an algorithm to decide whether a service M matches with the extended operating guideline of N.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    Correcting Deadlocking Service Choreographies Using a Simulation-Based Graph Edit Distance
    Marlon Dumas and Manfred Reichert, editors
    In Business Process Management, 6th International Conference, BPM 2008, Milan, Italy, September 1--4, 2008, Proceedings, volume 5240 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2008
    Many work has been conducted to analyze service choreographies to assert manyfold correctness criteria. While errors can be detected automatically, the correction of defective services is usually done manually. This paper introduces a graph-based approach to calculate the minimal edit distance between a given defective service and synthesized correct services. This edit distance helps to automatically fix found errors while keeping the rest of the service untouched. A prototypic implementation shows that the approach is applicable to real-life services.
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  • Niels Lohmann, Jens Kleine
    Fully-automatic Translation of Open Workflow Net Models into Human-readable Abstract BPEL Processes
    Thomas Kühne and Wolfgang Reisig and Friedrich Steimann, editors
    In Modellierung 2008, 12.-14. März 2008, Berlin, Proceedings, volume P-127 of Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), GI, mar 2008
    On the one hand, Petri net models have a successful history in the modeling, simulation, and verification of workflows and business processes. On the other hand, BPEL is the de facto standard for describing executable Web service-based business processes. With abstract BPEL processes, BPEL can also be used as modeling language. However, being a complicated language with many syntactic constraints, abstract BPEL processes impede a straightforward modeling. In this paper, we introduce a fully-automatic translation of Petri net models into abstract BPEL processes which can be refined to executable BPEL processes. This approach combines strengths of Petri nets in modeling and verification with the ability to execute BPEL processes. Furthermore, it completes the Tools4BPEL framework to synthesize BPEL processes which are correct by design.
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  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Wei-Ying Ma and Andrew Tomkins and Xiaodong Zhang, editors
    In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2008, Beijing, China, April 21--25, 2008, apr 2008
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
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  • Dirk Fahland, Heiko Woith
    Towards Process Models for Disaster Response
    In Business Process Management Workshops, International Workshop on Process Management for Highly Dynamic and Pervasive Scenarios (PM4HDPS), co-located with 6th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM'08), volume 17 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer, Milan, Italy, September 2008
    In the immediate aftermath of a disaster routine processes, even if specifically designed for such a situation, are not enacted blindly. Actions and processes rather adapt their behavior based on observations and available information. Attempts to support these processes by technology rely on process models that faithfully capture process execution and adaptation. Based on experiences from actual disaster response settings, we propose to specify an adaptive process as a set of scenarios using a Petri net syntax. Our operational model provides an adaptation operator that synthesizes and adapts the system behavior at run-time based on the given scenarios. An example illustrates our approach.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Adaptive und Selbststabilisierende Workflows
    Diehl, Malte and Lipskoch, Henrik and Meyer, Roland and Storm, Christian, editors
    In Proceedings des gemeinsamen Workshops der Graduiertenkollegs, Trustworthy Software Systems, Gito-Verlag, Berlin, 2008
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  • Niels Lohmann
    Why does my service have no partners?
    Roberto Bruni and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Fifth International Workshop, WS-FM 2008, Milan, Italy, September 4-5, 2008, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2008
    Controllability is a fundamental correctness criterion for interacting service models. A service model is controllable if there exists a partner service such that their composition is free of deadlocks and livelocks. Whereas controllability can be automatically decided, the existing decision algorithm gives no information about the reasons of why a service model is uncontrollable. This paper introduces a diagnosis framework to find these reasons which can help to fix uncontrollable service models.
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  • Daniela Weinberg
    Efficient Controllability Analysis of Open Nets
    Roberto Bruni and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Fifth International Workshop, WS-FM 2008, Milan, Italy, September 4--5, 2008, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2008
    A service is designed to interact with other services. If the service interaction is stateful and asynchronous, the interaction protocol can become quite complex. A service may be able to interact with a lot of possible partner services, one partner or no partner at all. Having no partner surely is not intended by the designer. But the stateful interaction between services can be formalized and thus analyzed at design time. We present a formalization which is centered around a graph data structure that we call interaction graph, which represents feasible runs of a partner service according to the interaction protocol. As interaction graphs suffer from state explosion, we introduce a set of suitable reduction rules to alleviate the complexity of our approach. As our case studies show we are able to analyze the interaction behavior of a service efficiently.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets -- Scenario-Based Modeling with Petri Nets
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
    Scenario-based specifications are used for modeling highly-complex, distributed systems in terms of partial runs (scenarios) the system shall have. But it is difficult to derive an implementing, operational model from a given set of scenarios, especially if concepts like anti-scenarios which must not occur are used. In this paper, we present a novel model for scenario-based specifications with Petri nets including anti-scenarios; we provide an operational semantics for our model.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    From Public Views to Private Views -- Correctness-by-Design for Services
    Marlon Dumas and Reiko Heckel, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Forth International Workshop, WS-FM 2007 Brisbane, Australia, September 28-29, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4937 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2008
    Service orientation is a means for integrating across diverse systems. Each resource, whether an application, system, or trading partner, can be accessed as a service. The resulting architecture, often referred to as SOA, has been an important enabler for interorganizational processes. Apart from technological issues that need to be addressed, it is important that all parties involved in such processes agree on the "rules of engagement". Therefore, we propose to use a contract that specifies the composition of the public views of all participating parties. Each party may then implement its part of the contract such that the implementation (i.e., the private view) accords with the contract. In this paper, we define a suitable notion of accordance inspired by the asynchronous nature of services. Moreover, we present several transformation rules for incrementally building a private view such that accordance with the contract is guaranteed by construction. These rules include adding internal tasks as well as the reordering of messages and are therefore much more powerful than existing correctness-preserving construction rules.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    A Feature-Complete Petri Net Semantics for WS-BPEL 2.0
    Marlon Dumas and Reiko Heckel, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Forth International Workshop, WS-FM 2007 Brisbane, Australia, September 28-29, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4937 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2008
    We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification.
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  • Christian Gierds
    Finding Cost-Efficient Adapters
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
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  • Niels Lohmann
    Decompositional Calculation of Operating Guidelines Using Free Choice Conflicts
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
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  • Peter Massuthe, Daniela Weinberg
    Fiona: A Tool to Analyze Interacting Open Nets
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
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  • Chistian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    An Approach to Tackle Livelock-Freedom in SOA
    Niels Lohmann and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the 15th German Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets, AWPN 2008, Rostock, Germany, September 26--27, 2008, volume 380 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org, sep 2008
    We calculate a fixed finite set of state space fragments for a service P, where each fragment carries a part of the whole behavior of P. By composing these fragments according to the behavior of a service R we build the state space of their composition P \oplus R which can be checked for deadlocks and livelocks. We show that this approach is applicable to realize a ``find'' request by a service $R$ with a provided service P in SOA.
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  • Niels Lohmann, Oliver Kopp, Frank Leymann, Wolfgang Reisig
    Analyzing BPEL4Chor: Verification and Participant Synthesis
    Marlon Dumas and Reiko Heckel, editors
    In Web Services and Formal Methods, Forth International Workshop, WS-FM 2007 Brisbane, Australia, September 28-29, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4937 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2008
    Choreographies offer means to capture global interactions between business processes of different partners. BPEL4Chor has been introduced to describe these interactions using BPEL. Currently, there are no formal methods available to verify BPEL4Chor choreographies. In this paper, we present how BPEL4Chor choreographies can be completely verified using Petri nets. A case study undermines that our verification techniques scale. Additionally, we show how the verification techniques can be used to generate a stub process for a partner taking part in a choreography. This is especially useful when the behavior of one participant is intended to follow the corresponding requirements of the other participants. Thus, the missing participant behavior can be generated and the error-prone design of that participant can be skipped.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting WS-BPEL Processes Using Flexible Model Generation
    volume 64 of Data Knowl. Eng. 64 (1), jan 2008
    We address the problem of analyzing the interaction between WS-BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a WS-BPEL process and translates it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). To manage processes of realistic size, we present a concept of a \emphflexible model generation which allows the generation of compact Petri net models. A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Abstract State Machines for the Classroom - The Basics
    Dines Bjorner; Henson, Martin C. (Eds.), editors
    volume XXII, 624 p. 69 illus., Hardcover of Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series, Logics of Specification Languages XXII, 624 p. 69 illus., Hardcover, 2008
    Abstract State Machines (henceforth referred to as just ASM) were introduced as ä computation model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models\" by Yuri Gurevich in 1985. Here we provide some intuitive and motivating arguments, and characteristic examples for (the elementary version of) ASM. The intuition of ASM as a formal framework for \"pseudocode\" algorithms is highlightes. Generalizing variants of the fundamental \"sequential small-step\" version of ASM are also considered.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Scholten/Dijkstra Pebble Game Played Straightly, Distributely, Online and Reversed
    volume 4800 of Pillars of Computer Science, LNCS 4800, Springer-Verlag, 2008
    The Scholten/Dijkstra "Pebble Game" is re-examined. We show that the algorithm lends itself to a distributed as well as an online version, and even to a reversed variant. Technically this is achieved by exploiting the local and the reversible nature of Petri Net transitions. Furthermore, these properties allow to retain the verification arguments of the algorithm.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Alexander Serebrenik, Natalia Sidorova, Karsten Wolf
    Can I find a Partner? Undecidablity of Partner Existence for Open Nets
    volume 108 of Information Processing Letters 108 (6), Nov 2008
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Patrick Köhnen
    Synthese offener Workflownetze aus Serviceautomaten
    Diplomarbeit, jan 2008
    Das Paradigma der service-orientierten Architektur beschreibt eine Kapselung einzelner Funktionalitäten von Softwaresystemen in Services. Ein Service besitzt somit eine bestimmte Funktionalität und zudem eine definierte Schnittstelle. Über diese Schnittstelle kann die Funktionalität des Services genutzt werden. Durch diese Trennung von Funktionalität und Schnittstelle ist ein Service unabhängig von der Plattform und der verwendeten Programmiersprache. Änderungen und Erweiterungen service-basierter Softwaresysteme können durch Anpassungen oder das Austauschen des betreffenden Services erreicht werden und sind daher im Vergleich zu anderen Systemen einfacher, schneller und mit einem geringeren Risiko umsetzbar. Web Services sind eine spezielle und weit verbreitete Form von Services. Ein Web Service ist ein eigenständiges Softwaremodul, dessen Funktionalität über das Internet angeboten wird. Mit der Web Service Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) kann ein Web Service definiert werden, der den Geschäftsprozess eines Unternehmens abbildet. WS-BPEL besitzt hierfür Konstrollstrukturen und Funktionalität zur Behandlung von Fehlern und Ausnahmen. WS-BPEL besitzt keine formale Semantik und kann daher nicht formal analysiert werden. Für eine formale Analyse kann ein WS-BPEL Prozess in ein offenes Workflownetz (oWFN) übersetzt werden. Existiert für ein oWFN ein Partner, der verklemmungsfrei mit diesem oWFN interagiert, kann ein Serviceautomat (SVA) berechnet werden, der das Verhalten dieses Partners beschreibt. Bisher war es möglich, ein oWFN nach WS-BPEL zu übersetzen, aber nicht, ein oWFN aus einem SVA zu synthetisieren. Ein berechneter Partner für einen WS-BPEL Prozess in Form eines SVAs konnte somit bisher nicht zurück in WS-BPEL übersetzt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Synthese eines oWFNS aus einem SVA zu definieren und somit den Vorgang der Berechnung eines Partners für einen WS-BPEL Prozesss zu vervollständigen.
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  • Manja Wolf
    Erstellung einer modellbasierten Laufzeitumgebung für adaptive Prozesse
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2008
    Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Implementation von GRETA - Graphical Runtime EnvironmenT for Adaptive Processes vorgestellt. GRETA ist eine modellbasierte Laufzeitumgebung für dynamische, sich während des Ablaufes anpassende Prozesse. Für die Implementation wurde ein formales Begriffsgebäude aufgebaut, das auf einer noch in der Entwicklung befindlichen Theorie basiert und einen Teil dieser Theorie berücksichtigt. Die Theorie, das vereinfachte Begriffsgebäude und die dafür ausgearbeiteten Algorithmen werden vorgestellt. GRETA wurde als grafischer Editor implementiert, mit dem solche dynamischen Prozesse modelliert werden können und wurde zu einem Simulationswerkzeug erweitert. Mit GRETA ist es möglich, zukünftige Forschungsergebnisse zu der genannten Theorie zu erproben. Das Programm wurde mit dem Eclipse-Framework GMF (Graphical Modeling Framework) erstellt. In dem Dokument gibt es eine Einführung in die Konzepte und die Funktionalittät von GMF. Die für GRETA genutzten Features von GMF werden erläutert.
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  • Konstanze Swist
    Modellierung des Workflows der Task Force Erdbeben des GFZ mit Petrinetzen
    Studienarbeit, oct 2008
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  • Christian Gierds
    Strukturelle Reduktion von Bedienungsanleitungen
    Diplomarbeit, jan 2008
    In dieser Arbeit werden wir uns mit Diamantenstrukturen in Bedienungsanleitungen beschäftigen. Im Rahmen der Service-Oriented Architecture beschreiben Bedienungsanleitungen Kommunikationspartner (Strategien) von Diensten. Ein großer Vorteil der Bedienungsanleitungen ist die endliche Repräsentation der gewöhnlich unendlich großen Menge aller Strategien eines Dienstes. Bedienungsanleitungen können nichtsdestotrotz sehr groß werden. Diamantenstrukturen sind eine der Hauptursachen dafür. Wir wollen eine Kurzschreibweise einführen, die das Eintreten von Ereignissen in jeder beliebigen Reihenfolge in einem Zustandsübergang beschreibt. Anschließend werden wir verschiedene Muster für Diamantenstrukturen vorstellen, also Muster mit Ereignissen, die in jeder beliebigen Reihenfolge stattfinden können. Für diese Muster werden wir Ersetzungen mit der eingeführten Kurzschreibweise angeben. Wir werden ferner Algorithmen angeben, welche die von uns definierten Diamantenmuster in Bedienungsanleitungen erkennen.
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  • Daniel Janusz
    Implementierung zweier Algorithmen zur Abstraktion von Petrinetzen
    Studienarbeit, apr 2008
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  • Thomas Pillat
    Gegenüberstellung struktureller Reduktionstechniken für Petrinetze
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2008
    Petrinetze sind eine formale Methode zur Modellierung und Analyse von Systemen. Ein großes Problem bei der Analyse von Petrinetzen ist die Größe des Zustandsraums. Um dieses Problem abzuschwächen, können Reduktionstechniken eingesetzt werden. Petrinetze sind einer der wenigen Formalismen, die die Möglichkeit bieten, bereits die Struktur des Modells zu reduzieren. Diese strukturellen Reduktionstechniken verändern die Struktur des Netzes und bewahren dabei bestimmte Eigenschaften des ursprünglichen Modells. Es existieren eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, die strukturelle Reduktionstechniken untersuchen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden strukturelle Reduktionstechniken einander gegenübergestellt und katalogisiert. Es wird ermittelt, welche Eigenschaften eines ursprünglichen Natzes durch die Anwendung der Reduktionstechnik bewahrt und für welche Netzklasse diese Reduktionstechnik gilt. Die Reduktionstechniken werden miteinander verglichen und die Beziehungen der Regeln zueinander ermittelt. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird ein Katalog erstellt, der beschreibt, für welche Netzklasse das Anwenden einer Regel welche Eigenschaften bewahrt.
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  • Katharina Görlach
    Ein Verfahren zur abstrakten Interpretation von XPath-Ausdrücken in WS-BPEL-Prozessen
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2008
    Die Web Services Business Process Execution Language ist eine Sprache zur Modellierung von Geschäftsprozessen als Web Services. Für eine umfassende Analyse von WS-BPEL-Prozessen müssen auch die Daten der Prozesse analysiert werden. Daten werden in WS-BPEL-Prozessen mit Hilfe von XML-Schema typisiert und standardmäßig mit Hilfe von XPath manipuliert. Eine Datenanalyse für WS-BPEL muss deshalb XML-Schema berücksichtigen die im Prozess enthaltenen XPath-Ausdrücke auswerten. Eine solche Datenanalyse ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf den Kontrollfluss und dient so beispielsweise zur Optimierung eines WS-BPEL-Prozesses. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur abstrakten Interpetation von XPath-Ausdrücken in WS-BPEL-Prozessen vorgestellt. Dafür wird ein umfassendes Datenmodell für WS-BPEL-Prozesse sowie die enthaltenen XPath-Ausdrücke entwickelt. Auf Grundlage des entwickelten Datenmodells stellen wir eine statische Analyse vor, die die XPath-Ausdrücke in einem WS-BPEL-Prozess abstrakt interpretiert. Die Analyse berechnet dabei die Wertebereiche für Variablen und Bedingungen in WS-BPEL-Prozessen.
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  • Rico Bergmann
    Vergleich von Werkzeugen zur computergestützten Verifikation von Petrinetzmodellen
    Studienarbeit, jul 2008
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  • Nanette Liske
    Laufzeitersetzung offener Workflownetze
    Diplomarbeit, jul 2008
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Dirk Fahland
    Oclets - a formal approach to adaptive systems using scenario-based concepts
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2008
    Usually, a component in a distributed system has assumptions about the remaining components of the system. A change in one component might require to change other components as well. It may happen that the change has to be performed in the running system. In this paper, we propose a formal model for systems that change their behavior at run-time: An adaptive system is denoted as a set of scenarios using a Petri net syntax. Our operational model provides an adaptation operator that synthesizes and adapts the system behavior as a Petri net branching-process at run-time based on the given scenarios. We show the feasibility of our approach by the help of an example.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Translating UML2 Activity Diagrams Petri Nets for analyzing IBM WebSphere Business Modeler process models
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2008
    We present a formal semantics for a variant of UML2 Activity Diagrams that is used in the IBM WebSphere Business Modeler for modeling business processes. Business process models created in the IBM WebSphere Business Modeler or with other UML2 modeling tools often constitutes one of the key specification artifacts for building an information system that implements or supports the specified processes. As UML2 Activity Diagrams lack a universally agreed semantics, the step from specification to implementation usually faces a semantical impedance caused by different interpretation of the same diagram. A well-defined formal semantics for the specification language determines the interpretation of a diagram and allows for reasoning about as well as validating and verifying a given specification on common (formal) grounds. We adapt approaches for formalizing semantics of UML2 Activity Diagrams and apply them to the core features of the IBM WebSphere Business Modeler language for purpose of formal verification. We provide a parameterized Petri net pattern for each language concepts. A diagram is translated by instantiating a pattern for each use of a concept; merging the resulting Petri net fragments according to the structure of the original diagram yields a Petri net that specifies the behavioral semantics of the diagram. The resulting Petri net can be verified for control-flow errors using the model checker LoLA. The semantics has been implemented in a tool that is available at http://www.service-technology.org/uml2owfn/.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Alexander Serebrenik, Natalia Sidorova, Karsten Wolf
    Can I find a Partner?
    Preprint, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany, mar 2008
    We study open nets as Petri net models of web services, with a link to the practically relevant language WS-BPEL. For those nets, we investigate the problem of serviceableness which we consider as fundamental as the successful notion of soundness for workflow nets, i.e. Petri net models of business processes and workflows. While we could give algorithmic solutions to the serviceableness problem for subclasses of open nets in earlier work, this article shows that the problem is in general undecidable.
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  • Christian Stahl, Peter Massuthe, Jan Bretschneider
    Deciding Substitutability of Services with Operating Guidelines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, apr 2008
    Deciding whether a service $S$ can be substituted by another service S' is an important problem in practice and one of the research challenges in service-oriented computing. In this paper, we define three substitutability notions for services. Accordance specifies that S' cooperates with at least the environments that S cooperates with. S and S' are equivalent if they cooperate with the same environments. To guarantee that S' cooperates with a fixed subset of environments that S cooperates with, the notion of deprecation can be used. For each substitutability notion we present a decision algorithm. To this end we apply the concept of an operating guideline of a service as an abstract representation of all environments the service cooperates with.
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  • Kees M. van Hee, H.M.W. Verbeek, Christian Stahl, Natalia Sidorova
    A Framework for Linking and Pricing No-Cure-No-Pay Services
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jun 2008
    In this paper, we present a framework that allows us to orchestrate web services such that the web services involved in this orchestration interact properly. To achieve this, we predefine service interfaces and certain routing constructs. Furthermore, we define a number of rules to incrementally compute the price of such a properly interacting orchestration (i.e. a web service) from the price of its web services. The fact that a web service gets only payed after its service is delivered (no-cure-no-pay) is reflected by considering a probability of success. To determine a safe price that includes the risk a web service takes, we consider the variance of costs.
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  • Christian Gierds, Arjan J. Mooij, Karsten Wolf
    Specifying and generating behavioral service adapter based on transformation rules
    Preprint, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany, aug 2008
    Behavioral adapters are a way to establish proper interaction between services that have been developed independently. We present a novel approach for specifying such adapters, based on domain-specific transformation rules that reflect the elementary operations that adapters can perform. We show how complex adapters that adhere to these rules can be generated using existing controller generation algorithms. We discuss some example applications, including real-world business processes.
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2007 (37)

2007

    Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Behavioral Constraints for Services
    Gustavo Alonso and Peter Dadam and Michael Rosemann, editors
    In Business Process Management, 5th International Conference, BPM 2007, Brisbane, Australia, September 24-28, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4714 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2007
    Recently, we introduced the concept of an operating guideline of a service as a structure that characterizes all its properly interacting partner services. The hitherto considered correctness criterion is deadlock freedom of the composition of both services. In practice, there are intended and unintended deadlock-freely interacting partners of a service. In this paper, we provide a formal approach to express intended and unintended behavior as behavioral constraints. With such a constraint, unintended partners can be "filtered" yielding a customized operating guideline. Customized operating guidelines can be applied to validate a service and for service discovery.
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  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    A Semantic Characterization of Unbounded-Nondeterministic ASMs
    In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science, volume 4624 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, aug 2007
    Universal algebra usually considers and examines algebras as static entities. In the mid 80ies Gurevich proposed Abstract State Machines (ASMs) as a computation model that regards algebras as dynamic: a state of an ASM is represented by a freely chosen algebra which may change during a computation. In 2000, Gurevich characterized the class of sequential ASMs in a purely semantical way by five amazingly general and elegant axioms. Later this result has been extended to bounded-nondeterministic ASMs. This paper considers the general case of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs: in each step, an unbounded-nondeterministic ASM may choose among unboundedly many (sometimes infinitely many) alternatives. We characterize the class of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs by an extension of Gurevich's original axioms for sequential ASMs. We apply this result to prove the reversibility of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    A Feature-Complete Petri Net Semantics for WS-BPEL 2.0
    Kees van Hee and Wolfgang Reisig and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Approaches to Business Processes and Web Services (FABPWS'07), University of Podlasie, jun 2007
    We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig, Jan Bretschneider, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl
    Services as a Paradigm of Computation
    Cliff B. Jones and Zhiming Liu and Jim Woodcock, editors
    In Formal Methods and Hybrid Real-Time Systems, Essays in Honor of Dines Bj\orner and Chaochen Zhou on the Occasion of Their 70th Birthdays, Papers presented at a Symposium held in Macao, China, September 24-25, 2007, volume 4700 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2007
    The recent success of service-oriented architectures gives rise to some fundamental questions: To what extent do services constitute a new paradigm of computation? What are the elementary ingredients of this paradigm? What are adequate notions of semantics, composition, equivalence? How can services be modeled and analyzed? This paper addresses and answers those questions, thus preparing the ground for forthcoming software design techniques.
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  • Simon Moser, Axel Martens, Katharina Görlach, Wolfram Amme, Artur Godlinski
    Advanced Verification of Distributed WS-BPEL Business Processes Incorporating CSSA-based Data Flow Analysis
    In IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2007), 2007
    The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services WS-BPEL provides an technology to aggregate encapsulated functionalities for defining high-value Web services. For a distributed application in a B2B interaction, the partners simply need to expose their provided functionality as BPEL processes and compose them. Verifying such distributed web service based systems has been a huge topic in the research community lately - cf. [4] for a good overview. However, in most of the work on analyzing properties of interacting Web Services, especially when backed by stateful implementations like WS-BPEL, the data flow present in the implementation is widely neglected, and the analysis focusses on control flow only. This might lead to false-positive analysis results when searching for design weaknesses and errors, e.g. analyzing the controllability [14] of a given BPEL process. In this paper, we present a method to extract data flow information by constructing a CSSA representation and detecting data dependencies that effect communication behavior. Those discovered dependencies are used to construct a more precise formal model of the given BPEL process and hence to improve the quality of analysis results.
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  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    An ASM-Characterization of a Class of Distributed Algorithms
    In Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar on Rigorous Methods for Software Construction and Analysis, Festschrift volume of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2007
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  • Andreas Glausch
    A Semantic Characterization of Elementary Wide-Step ASMs
    In Proceedings of the 14th International ASM Workshop, jun 2007
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Towards Analyzing Declarative Workflows
    Jana Koehler and Marco Pistore and Amit P. Sheth and Paolo Traverso and Martin Wirsing, editors
    In Autonomous and Adaptive Web Services, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, 2007
    Enacting tasks in a workflow cannot always follow a pre-defined process model. In application domains like disaster management workflows are partially specified and circumstances of their enactment change. There exist various approaches for formal workflow models that are effective in such situations, like declarative specifications instead of operational models for formalizing flexible workflow process. These powerful models leave a gap to existing techniques in the domain of workflow modeling, workflow analysis, and workflow management. In this paper we bridge this gap with a compositional mechanism for translating declarative workflow models to operational workflow models. The mechanism is of a general nature and we reveal its principles as we provide an exemplary definition for translating DecSerFlow models based on LTL to Petri nets. We then demonstrate its use in analyzing and refining declarative models.
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  • Dirk Fahland, Timo M. Gläßer, Bastian Quilitz, Stephan Weißleder, Ulf Leser
    HUODINI - Flexible Information Integration for Disaster Management
    In 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM), Delft, NL, 2007
    Fast and effective disaster management requires access to a multitude of heterogeneous, distributed, and quickly changing data sets, such as maps, satellite images, or governmental databases. In the last years, also the information created by affected persons on web sites such as flickr.com or blogger.com became an important and very quickly adapting source of information. We developed HUODINI, a prototype system for the flexible integration and visualization of heterogeneous data sources for disaster management. HUODINI is based on Semantic Web technologies, and in particular RDF, to offer maximal flexibility in the types of data sources it can integrate. It supports a hybrid push/pull approach to cater for the requirements of fast-changing sources, such as news feeds, and maximum performance for querying the integrated data set. In this paper, we describe the design goals underlying our approach, its architecture, and report on first experiences with the system.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    A Formal Approach to Adaptive Processes using Scenario-based Concepts.
    Kees van Hee and Wolfgang Reisig and Karsten Wolf, editors
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Approaches to Business Processes and Web Services (FABPWS'07), University of Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland, jun 2007
    The problem and need for adapting business processes and service behavior to cope with changing circumstances is identified well. Standard models for business processes still rely on a fixed process logic, the change of which is rather hard to achieve. Ad-hoc changes to a standard model are usually considered too `dangerous' as they are performed in not well-defined manner. Other models for adaptive processes deviate to some extent from established business process models. This deviation comes at the price of limited understandability and loss in analysis capabilities. We propose a model for adaptive processes based on Petri nets which have successfully been applied in modeling and analyzing business process and web services. Our operator to adapt the behavior of such models is formalized by the help of scenario-based concepts known from live-sequence charts in purely mathematical terms. This combination of concepts allows to write down the result of the adaptation rather than how adaptation shall be performed.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Synthesizing Petri nets from LTL specifications - An engineering approach
    Philippi, Stephan and Pinl, Alexander, editors
    In Proceedings 14.Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze (AWPN), Arbeitsbericht aus dem Fach Informatik, Nr. 25/2007, Universität Koblenz-Landau, D, September 2007
    In this paper we present a pattern-based approach for synthesizing truly distributed Petri nets from a class of LTL specifications. The synthesis allows for the automatic, correct generation of humanly conceivable Petri nets, thus circumventing a manual construction of nets, or the use of Büuchi automata which are not distributed and often less intuitive to understand.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Modeling and Verifying Declarative Workflows
    In Dagstuhl ''zehn plus eins'', Verlagshaus Mainz, Aachen, 2007
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  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Operating Guidelines for Finite-State Services
    Jetty Kleijn and Alex Yakovlev, editors
    In 28th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, ICATPN 2007, Siedlce, Poland, June 25-29, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4546 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2007
    We study services modeled as open workflow nets (oWFN) and describe their behavior as service automata. Based on service automata, we introduce the concept of an operating guideline, extending the work of [1, 2] which was restricted to acyclic services. An operating guideline gives complete information about how to properly interact (in this paper: deadlock-freely and with limited communication) with an oWFN N. It can be executed thus forming a properly interacting partner of N, or it can be used to support service discovery. An operating guideline for N is a particular service automaton S that is enriched with Boolean annotations. S interacts properly with the service automaton Prov, representing the behavior of N , and is able to simulate every other service that interacts properly with Prov . The attached annotations give complete information about whether or not a simulated service interacts properly with Prov, too.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    An Algorithm for Matching Non-deterministic Services with Operating Guidelines
    volume 2 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 2 (2), 2007
    Interorganisational cooperation is more and more organised by the paradigm of services. Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) provide a general framework for service interaction. SOA describe three roles of services, the service provider, the service requester and the service broker, together with the three operations publish, find and bind. We provide a formal method based on non-deterministic automata to model services and their interaction. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to finite and acyclic automata. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artefact to realise the publish operation. In our approach, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requesters service and the published operating guidelines. If matching services are actually bound together, our approach guarantees deadlock-free interaction. In this paper, matching of deterministic as well as non-deterministic automata with operating guidelines is presented.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    An SOA-based architecture framework
    volume 2 of International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management (IJBPIM) 2 (2), 2007
    We present an Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is designed to be close to industry standards, especially to the Service ComponentArchitecture (SCA).The framework is language independent and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens.We present a meta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail. Through the framework, concepts of an SOA such as wiring, correlation and instantiation can be clarified.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Wolf, Jan Bretschneider, Kathrin Kaschner, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl
    Challenges in a Service-Oriented World
    volume 70 of ERCIM News 70, jul 2007
    Interacting services raise a number of new software engineering challenges. To meet these challenges, the behaviour of the involved services must be considered. We present results regarding the behaviour of services in isolation, the interaction of services in choreographies, the exchangeability of a service, and the synthesis of desired partner services.
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  • Kathrin Kaschner, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Symbolic Representation of Operating Guidelines for Services
    volume 72 of Petri Net Newsletter 72, apr 2007
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Decent Philosophers: An Exercise in Concurrent Behaviour
    volume 80 of Fundamenta Informaticae 80 (1-3), nov 2007
    Concurrent runs reveal more insight into distributed systems than interleaved runs. This is shown by help of Dijkstra's paradigm of five philosophers.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Manja Wolf
    Synchrone und asynchrone Kommunikation in offenen Workflownetzen
    Studienarbeit, may 2007
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  • Jan Bretschneider
    Produktbedienungsanleitungen zur Charakterisierung austauschbarer Services
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2007
    Unternehmen sind bestrebt, immer mehr Geschäfte mit ihren Kunden teilweise oder vollständig automatisiert abzuwickeln. In diesem Bestreben machen sie mehr und mehr Gebrauch von der serviceorientierten Architektur (SOA). Grundbaustein der SOA ist der Service, der eine von einem Unternehmen angebotene Dienstleistung oder Funktionalität über eine wohldefinierte Schnittstelle bereitstellt und von Kunden oder Services anderer Unternehmen verwendet werden kann. Damit wir zwei Services als sinnvoll miteinander interagierend bezeichnen können, müssen sie verschiedene Mindestanforderungen erfüllen. Auf Grundlage dieser Mindestanforderungen können wir für jeden gegebenen Service eine Bedienungsanleitung konstruieren, die alle sinnvoll mit ihm interagierenden Services charakterisiert. Auch tritt die Frage auf, gegen welche Services ein Service ausgetauscht werden kann, so dass alle Services, die mit dem alten sinnvoll interagieren konnten, auch mit dem neuen sinnvoll interagieren können. Diesen allgemeinen Austauschbarkeitsbegriff parametrisieren wir in der vorliegenden Arbeit und beschäftigen uns mit dem Fall, dass durch den Austausch eines Services nur eine bestimmte Menge von Services unberührt bleiben soll, weil dies eine größere Freiheit in der Wahl des austauschenden Service erlaubt. Wir werden die Menge der Services, gegen die sich ein bestimmter Service bezüglich einer gegebenen Menge von Services austauschen lässt, mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Bedienungsanleitungen genau charakterisieren.
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  • Jens Kleine
    Transformation von offenen Workflow-Netzen zu abstrakten WS-BPEL-Prozessen
    Diplomarbeit, jul 2007
    In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir eine Transformation von offenenWorkflow-Netzen zu abstrakten WS-BPEL-Prozessen. Als Web Services implementierte Geschäftsprozesse sind zunehmend verbreiteter und von größerer finanzieller Bedeutung. Daher müssen sie vor ihrem Einsatz auf wichtige Eigenschaften wie korrekte Terminierung oder Bedienbarkeit überprüft werden. Die häufig eingesetzte Modellierungssprache WS-BPEL ist jedoch auf Grund ihrer fehlenden formalen Semantik nicht analysierbar. Aus diesem Grund existieren Werkzeuge zur Überführung von WS-BPEL-Prozessen in die Petrinetzklasse der offenen Workflow-Netze. Für diese kann auf eine Reihe von Tools zur formalen Analyse von Geschäftsprozessen zurückgegriffen werden. Unsere Transformation ermöglicht es, die Ergebnisse dieser Analysewerkzeuge vollautomatisch in WS-BPEL-Prozesse zurück zu übersetzen. So können unter anderem Beispiele für im Prozess auftretende Fehler und bedienende Partner als WS-BPEL-Code an den Anwender zurückgegeben werden, ohne dass dieser sich dazu mit den, in den Zwischenschritten der Analyse verwendeten, Petrinetzen auskennen muss. Zudem bietet unsere Transformation die Möglichkeit Geschäftsprozesse graphbasiert als offene Workflow-Netze zu modellieren und diese anschließend automatisch in einen abstrakten WS-BPEL-Prozess zu übersetzen.
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  • Alexandra Julius
    Abstrakte Datenflussmodelle für GALS-Schaltungen zum Nachweis nicht-funktionaler Eigenschaften
    Diplomarbeit, may 2007
    In dieser Arbeit stellen wir Möglichkeiten vor, nicht-funktionale Eigenschaften einer GALS-Schaltung mittels Modellierung, Abstraktion und Verifikation zu analysieren. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen steht vor allem das Zeitverhalten und die Funktionssicherheit der Schaltung. Mit geeigneten Datenflussmodellen, in denen Zeit explizit modelliert ist, werden diese Eigenschaften untersucht. Da die Modellierung von Zeit die Komplexität des Modells erhöht und damit auch die Verikation erschwert, modellieren wir den Datenfluss möglichst abstrakt. Wir schlagen in dieser Arbeit mehrere Abstraktionstechniken vor, die den Zustandsraum des Datenmodells reduzieren.
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  • Nannette Liske
    Laufzeitersetzbarkeit von Services
    Studienarbeit, apr 2007
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  • Andreas Kerlin
    Bedienbarkeit unter Kausalität
    Diplomarbeit, jan 2007
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  • Christian Gierds
    Ein schärferes Kriterium für die Wahl von Endzuständen in Bedienungsanleitungen, Liberalsten Partnern und Public Views
    Studienarbeit, oct 2007
    In der Welt der Service Orientierten Architektur (SOA) besteht der Bedarf, Dienste auf ihre mögliche Interaktion mit anderen Diensten hin zu untersuchen. Dienste werden wir in Form von Serviceautomaten betrachten, die als asynchron kommunizierende Automaten definiert sind. Um die Frage einer sinnvollen, also verklemmungsfreien Kommunikation zu klären, gibt es das Konzept der Bedienungsanleitungen. Wie werden für diese ein scharfes Kriterium für die Wahl der Endzustände angeben und zeigen, dass diese Wahl sich in vorhandene Konzepte integriert. Besonderes Augenmerk werden wir dabei auf den Liberalsten Partner und den Public View eines Serviceautomaten werfen und an diesen unsere Definition rechtfertigen.
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  • Alexander Schulz
    Zielgerichtete Strategien
    Studienarbeit, jul 2007
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  • Gerrit Müller
    Strukturelle Analyse von offenen Workflow-Netzen hinsichtlich Bedienbarkeit
    Studienarbeit, jan 2007
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  • Peter Laufer
    Public-View-Generierung
    Diplomarbeit, nov 2007
    Die Analyse und Optimierung der Geschäftsprozesse ist von enormer Bedeutung für den langfristigen Erfolg eines Unternehmens. Die Märkte sind heutzutage zunehmend global und befinden sich in stetem Wandel, was eine fortwährende Überprüfung und Anpassung der Prozesse innerhalb eines Unternehmens erfordert. Durch den rasanten technologischen Fortschritt und den vermehrten Einsatz von Computern lassen sich immer größere Teile von Prozessen automatisieren. Einen neuen Ansatz zur Realisierung der IT-Infrastruktur in Unternehmen stellt dabei die service-orientierte Architektur (SOA) dar. Services, die eine wohldefinierte Funktionalität in einem Netzwerk zur Verfügung stellen, lassen sich unter relativ geringem Aufwand zu neuen Prozessen kombinieren und bei Bedarf ersetzen, ohne dass eine kostenintensive Anpassung vorhandener Lösungen erforderlich ist. Über das Internet können Dienste als sog. Web-Services zur Verfügung gestellt werden und so in die Abläufe der Prozesse anderer Unternehmen integriert werden. Um Services für potentielle Interessenten bekannt zu machen, muss eine Beschreibung der Funktionalität bei einem Verzeichnisdienst (service broker) hinterlegt werden. Im Bereich der Veröffentlichung von Services in Verzeichnisdiensten bieten sich zwei Konzepte zur Abstraktion von unternehmensinternen Informationen der Prozesse an: der Public View und die Bedienungsanleitung. Während für beliebige Prozesse eine Bedienungsanleitung automatisch berechnet werden kann und es Algorithmen gibt, die auf Basis der Bedienungsanleitungen entscheiden können, ob zwei Prozesse problemlos miteinander interagieren können, muss ein Public View bisher noch von einem Entwickler per Hand modelliert werden. Eine solche Modellierung ist jedoch aufwendig, fehleranfällig und kann ohne eine anschließende Verifikation nicht garantieren, dass sich der ursprüngliche Prozess P und sein Public View P' in Bezug auf die Bedienbarkeit äquivalent verhalten. Wir wollen uns in dieser Arbeit daher mit Verfahren zur automatischen Public-View-Generierung befassen. Verschiedene Ansätze werden im Detail vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Anhand von Fallstudien werden wir die Stärken und Schwächen der Verfahren näher beleuchten und Empfehlungen zu deren Einsatz ableiten.
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Kees M. van Hee, Natalia Sidorova, Christian Stahl, H. M. W. Verbeek
    A Price of Service in a Compositional SOA Framework
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jul 2007
    In this paper we propose a framework for SOA covering such important features as proper termination (soundness) and correct correlation of tasks. Within this framework, we define a method for the calculation of the price of services. Our framework is compositional in the sense that composing a system from subsystems that meet our correctness requirements we obtain a system that still meets these requirements.
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  • Bodo Hohberg, Wolfgang Reisig, Bixia Wu
    Entwurf und Verifikation nachrichtenbasierter verteilter Algorithmen durch verteilende Verfeinerung
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2007
    Um Entwurf und Verifikation komplizierter verteilter Algorithmen leichter und verständlicher zu machen, wird oft eine Verfeinerungsmethode verwendet. Dabei wird ein einfacher Algorithmus, der gewünschte Eigenschaften erfüllt, schrittweise zu einem komplizierten Algorithmus verfeinert. In jedem Schritt sollen die gewünschten Eigenschaften erhalten bleiben. Für nachrichtenbasierte verteilte Algorithmen, die durch Petrinetze modelliert werden, haben wir eine neue Verfeinerungsmethmode entwickelt. Wir beginnen mit einem Anfangsalgorithmus, der Aktionen enthält, die gemeinsame Aufgaben mehrerer Agenten beschreiben. In jedem Schritt verfeinern wir eine dieser Aktionen zu einem Netz, das nur solche Aktionen enthält, die die Aufgaben einzelner Agenten beschreiben. Jeder Schritt ist also eine Verteilung einer unverteilten Aktion, also eine verteilende Verfeinerung. Die Arbeit klärt den Zusammenhang von Eigenschaften des Verfeinerungsnetzes und den bei der Verfeinerung gültig bleibenden Eigenschaften des verfeinerten Algorithmus. Hierbei sind Kausalitäten im Verfeinerungsnetz von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Anwendung der Methode wird in der Arbeit an anschaulichen Beispielen demonstriert.
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  • Dieter König, Niels Lohmann, Simon Moser, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Extending the Compatibility Notion for Abstract WS-BPEL Processes
    Preprint, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany, nov 2007
    WS-BPEL defines a standard for executable business processes. Executable processes are business processes which can be automated through an IT infrastructure. The WS-BPEL specification also introduces the concept of abstract processes: In contrast to their executable siblings, abstract processes are not executable and can have parts where business logic is disguised. Nevertheless, the WS-BPEL specification introduces a notion of compatibility between such an under-specified abstract process and a fully specified executable one. Basically, this compatibility notion defines a set of syntactical rules that can be augmented or restricted by profiles. So far, there exists two of such profiles: the Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior and the Abstract Process Profile for Templates. None of these profiles defines a concept of behavioral equivalence. Therefore, both profiles are too strict with respect to the rules they impose when deciding whether an executable process is compatible to an abstract one. In this paper, we propose a novel profile that extends the existing Abstract Process Profile for Observable Behavior by defining a behavioral relationship. We also show that our novel profile allows for more flexibility when deciding whether an executable and an abstract process are compatible.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Peter Massuthe, Arjan J. Mooij, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Erratum -- Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jun 2007
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  • Niels Lohmann, H. M. W. Verbeek, Chun Ouyang, Christian Stahl, Wil M. P. van der Aalst
    Comparing and Evaluating Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, aug 2007
    We compare two Petri net semantics for the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The comparison reveals different modeling decisions. These decisions together with their consequences are discussed.We also give an overview of the different properties that can be verified on the resulting models. A case study helps to evaluate the corresponding compilers which transform a BPEL process into a Petri net model.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    A SOA-Based Architecture Framework
    Computer Science Report, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands, jan 2007
    We present a SOA-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is designed to be close to industry standards, especially to the Service Component Architecture (SCA). The framework is language independent and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens. We present a \emphmeta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail. Through the framework concepts such as wiring, correlation, and instantiation can be clarified. This allows us to demystify some of the confusion related to SOA.
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  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Behavioral Constraints for Services
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, may 2007
    Recently, we introduced the concept of an operating guideline of a service as a structure that characterizes all its properly interacting partner services. The hitherto considered correctness criterion is deadlock freedom of the composition of both services. In practice, there are intended and unintended deadlock-freely interacting partners of a service. In this paper, we provide a formal approach to express intended and unintended behavior as behavioral constraints. With such a constraint, unintended partners can be ``filtered'' yielding a customized operating guideline. Customized operating guidelines can be applied to validate a service and for service discovery.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Karsten Wolf
    Multiparty Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jun 2007
    A contract specifies an interorganizational process together with a distribution of responsibilities for the activities among the parties involved. In this paper, we formally show how a party can implement its part of the contract such that the implementation accords with the contract. We propose a formal notion of a contract and give a criterion for accordance between a local implementation and a contract such that, if all local implementations accord with the contract, the overall process is deadlock-free and it is always possible to terminate properly. Then, we sketch a technique for automatically checking the proposed accordance criterion. Finally, we present accordance-preserving transformation rules. These rules can be used to implement a part of the contract while preserving the accordance criterion.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    A Feature-Complete Petri Net Semantics for WS-BPEL 2.0 and its Compiler BPEL2oWFN
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, aug 2007
    We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification. This technical report is the extended version of the papers [1, 2] and can be seen as the sequel of [3].
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2006 (26)

2006

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Informatik - Aktuelle Themen im historischen Kontext
    Wolfgang Reisig and Johann-Christoph Freytag, editors
    Springer, may 2006
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg
    Analyzing Interacting BPEL Processes
    In Business Process Management, 4th International Conference, BPM 2006, Vienna, Austria, September 5-7, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4102 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, sep 2006
    This paper addresses the problem of analyzing theinteraction between BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a BPEL process and transforms it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence of a partner process, such that both can interact properly) and compute its operating guideline (a characterization of all properly interacting partner processes). A case study demonstrates the value of this technology chain.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    A Local Cut-off Criterion for Unfoldings of Safe Petri Nets
    Jörg Desel, editors
    In Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium ACSD \& Petri Nets 2006, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland, jun 2006
    Finite prefixes of branching processes are a compact way to represent the state space of finite safe systems. McMillan in [1] formulated a cut-off criterion stating under which conditions the (usually infinite) maximal branching process can be truncated without loosing reachable markings. However, this criterion depends on the reachable markings itself and thus suffers the state explosion problem. In this work, we propose local cut-off criteria that base on partial markings.
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  • Oliver Kopp, Carsten Frenkler, Niels Lohmann
    Korrektheit und Zuverlässigkeit zusammengesetzter Web Services am Beispiel der Geschäftsprozess-Modellierungssprache BPEL
    In Forschungsoffensive ''Software Engineering 2006'', Statuskonferenz, 26.-28. Juni 2006, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), jul 2006
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  • Wolfgang Reisig, Dirk Fahland, Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Wolf, Kathrin Kaschner
    Analysis Techniques for Service Models
    In Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation, 2006 (ISoLA 2006), 15-19 November 2006, Paphos, Cyprus, IEEE Computer Society, nov 2006
    The paradigm of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) provides a framework for interorganizational business processes and for the emerging programming-in-the-large. The basic idea of SOC, the interaction of services, rises a lot of issues such as proper termination of interacting services or substitution of a service by another one. Such issues can be addressed by means of models of services. We show how services can intelligibly be modeled, and we present algorithms and tools to analyze properties of service models. To make sure that our models properly reflect real world issues of services, we model and investigate services represented in established languages such as WS-BPEL.
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  • Stephan Roch, Karsten Schmidt
    On the step explosion problem
    Susanna Donatelli and P. S. Thiagarajan, editors
    In Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency - ICATPN 2006, 27th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, Turku, Finland, June 26-30, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4024 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2006
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  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    How Expressive are Petri Net Schemata?
    Susanna Donatelli and P. S. Thiagarajan, editors
    In Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency - ICATPN 2006, 27th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, Turku, Finland, June 26-30, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4024 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2006
    Petri net schemata are an intuitive and expressive approach to describe high-level Petri nets. A Petri net schema is a Petri net with edges and transitions inscribed by terms and Boolean expressions, respectively. A concrete high-level net is gained by interpreting the symbols in the inscriptions by a structure. Its semantics can then be described in terms of a transition system. Therefore, the semantics of a Petri Net schema can be conceived as a family of transition systems indexed by structures. In this paper we characterize the expressive power of a general version of Petri net schemata. For that purpose we examine families of transition systems in general and characterize the families as generated by Petri net schemata. It turns out that these families of transition systems can be characterized by simple and intuitive requirements.
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  • Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Michael Beisiegel, Kees M. van Hee, Dieter König, Christian Stahl
    A SOA-Based Architecture Framework
    Frank Leymann and Wolfgang Reisig and Satish R. Thatte and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    In The Role of Business Processes in Service Oriented Architectures, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, nov 2006
    In this paper we present first results of a SOA-based architecture framework. The architecture framework is required to be close to industry standards, especially to service component architecture (SCA), language independent (i.e. it is adoptable) and the building blocks of each system, activities and data, are first class citizens. We present a meta model of the architecture framework and discuss its concepts in detail.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    An Algorithm for Matching Nondeterministic Services with Operating Guidelines
    Frank Leymann and Wolfgang Reisig and Satish R. Thatte and Wil M. P. van der Aalst, editors
    In The Role of Business Processes in Service Oriented Architectures, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, 2006
    Interorganizational cooperation is more and more organized by the paradigm of services. Service-oriented architectures (SOA) provide a general framework for service interaction. SOA describe three roles of services, the service provider, the service requester, and the service broker, together with the three operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on nondeterministic automata to model services and their interaction. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to finite and acyclic automata. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize the publish operation. In our approach, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester's service and the published operating guidelines. If matching services are actually bound together, our approach guarantees deadlock-free communication. In this paper, matching of deterministic as well as nondeterministic automata with operating guidelines is presented.
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  • Kathrin Kaschner, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Symbolische Repräsentation von Bedienungsanleitungen für Services
    Daniel Moldt, editors
    In 13. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2006), Proceedings, Universität Hamburg, sep 2006
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  • Baver Acu, Wolfgang Reisig
    Compensation in Workflow Nets
    Susanna Donatelli and P. S. Thiagarajan, editors
    In Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency - ICATPN 2006, 27th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, Turku, Finland, June 26-30, 2006, Proceedings, volume 4024 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2006
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  • Andreas Glausch
    Distributed Abstract State Machines - Status Report of a Doctoral Thesis
    Jörg Desel, editors
    In Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium ACSD \& PetriNets 2006, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland, jun 2006
    In 1985, Gurevich introduced Abstract State Machines (ASMs) as a computational model more powerful and universal than classical computational models. Since then ASMs have been applied successfully both in theory and practice: On the theoretical side, ASMs evolved to a general basis for the study of different classes of algorithms and their expressive power. On the practical side, ASMs have been extended to a full-fledged design methodology, applied successfully in industry for the specification and analysis of real-world systems. In my doctoral thesis I examine the class of distributed ASMs and study their expressive power. I also intend to develop basic notions of refinement and composition for distributed ASMs.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wilfried Brauer, Wolfgang Reisig
    Carl Adam Petri und die ``Petrinetze''
    volume 29 of Informatik-Spektrum 29 (5), oct 2006
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Operating Guidelines for Services
    volume 70 of Petri Net Newsletter 70, apr 2006
    In the service-oriented architecture (SOA), we distinguish three roles of service owners: service providers, service requesters, and service brokers, and the three standard operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on Petri nets to model services. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize publish. Then, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester's service and the operating guideline.
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  • Milo\vs Krsti\'c, Eckhard Grass, Christian Stahl, Maxim Piz
    System Integration by Request-driven GALS Design
    volume 153 of IEE Proc. Computers \& Digital Techniques 153 (5), September 2006
    A novel request-driven globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) technique for the system integration of complex digital blocks is proposed. For this new GALS technique, an asynchronous wrapper compliant is developed and evaluated. This proposed GALS technique is applied to a baseband processor compatible with the wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11a. The developed GALS baseband processor chip is fabricated and measured. Besides improvements of the system integration process, a 5 dB reduction in electromagnetic interference, 30\% reduction in instantaneous supply current variation, and similar dynamic power consumption as in the synchronous baseband processor is achieved.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Kathrin Kaschner
    BDD-basiertes Matching von Services
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2006
    Moderne Software-Systeme werden zunehmend nach dem Paradigma der ServiceorientiertenArchitektur (SOA) aus unabhängigen Services zusammengesetzt, die definierte Funktionen zur Verfügung stellen und Nachrichten miteinander austauschen. Eine Möglichkeit zur Gewährleistung der reibungslosen Kommunikation besteht in der Bereitstellung einer Bedienungsanleitung durch den Service Provider, mit der der Service Broker anhand eines Prüfverfahrens - dem Matching - entscheiden kann, ob der Service eines Service Requesters zu dem angebotenen Service passt. Für die praktische Anwendung müssen Bedienungsanleitungen in geeigneter Weise kodiert werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden dazu Binäre Entscheidungsdiagramme (BDDs) genutzt. Für das Matching wird der Service des Service Requesters durch einen Serviceautomaten modelliert, der seinerseits ebenfalls in eine BDD-Darstellung überführt wird. Darauf aufbauend wird schließlich ein Matching-Algorithmus entwickelt und seine Korrektheit bewiesen. Die Effizienz der Kodierung durch BDDs und die Funktionsweise des BDD-basierten Matching-Algorithmus wird an Beispielen gezeigt.
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  • Peter Laufer
    Grundlagen für die Anpassung der Petrinetz-Semantik an WS-BPEL 2.0
    Studienarbeit, may 2006
    Die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL) ist eine Sprache zur Definitionvon Geschäftsprozessen als Web Services. Um Eigenschaften eines BPEL-Prozesses verifizieren zu können, entwickelte Stahl eine Transformation von BPEL4WS 1.1 in Petrinetze. Als Ergebnis des Standardisierungsprozesses von BPEL wird demnächst die Version WS-BPEL 2.0 verabschiedet werden. Da auch WS-BPEL 2.0 eine textuelle informelle Spezifikation zugrunde liegen wird, wäre eine angepasste Petrinetz-Semantik für Verifikationszwecke weiterhin sehr hilfreich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es deshalb, die nderungen von WS-BPEL 2.0 im Vergleich zum Vorgänger BPEL4WS 1.1 zu dokumentieren und Vorschläge in Bezug auf die Anpassung der vorhandenen Petrinetz-Semantik zu geben. Die Betrachtungen beziehen sich dabei auf eine Entwurfsfassung der kommenden Spezifikation von WS-BPEL 2.0 vom 16. März 2006.
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  • Jan Bretschneider
    Modellierung und Synthese eines geschwindigkeitsinvarianten GALS-Wrappers
    Studienarbeit, feb 2006
    Global asynchrone, lokal synchrone (GALS) Systeme vereinen dieVorteile synchroner und asynchroner Schaltungen und mindern zugleich ihre Nachteile. Ein GALS-System besteht aus mehreren lokal synchron arbeitenden Modulen, von denen jedes von einem asynchron arbeitenden Wrapper umhüllt wird. Durch diese Wrapper kommunizieren die Module asynchron miteinander. Das IHP Frankfurt hat auf Grundlage einer informalen Spezifikation einen GALS-Wrapper entwickelt. Erst nachträglich wurde ein formales Modell für diesen Wrapper erstellt und auf Korrektheit überprüft. Dabei wurden Fehler in der Implementierung gefunden und korrigiert. Wir beschreiben den Entwurf eines per Konstruktion korrekten Wrappers, der sich an der Schnittstelle zu seiner Umgebung genauso verhält, wie der Wrapper des IHP. Dazu modellieren wir erst sein Verhalten als Petrinetz und generieren danach aus diesem Modell mit dem Werkzeug petrify eine geschwindigkeitsinvariante Schaltung, die per Konstruktion korrekt arbeitet.
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  • Kathrin Kaschner
    Repräsentation von Bedienungsanleitungen durch BDDs
    Studienarbeit, jan 2006
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Unfoldings for Timed Automata
    Diplomarbeit, July 2006
    In this thesis we develop a state space reduction technique for networks of timed automata based on unfoldings to alleviate the state space explosion problem due to concurrently enabled actions. For the purpose of verifying a system, standard model checking techniques construct its sequential state space that suffers an exponential growth when applied to distributed systems because of concurrently enabled, independent actions: during the construction of the state space these actions are ordered arbitrarily to simulate concurrency in the sequential model. For untimed systems, state space reduction techniques like stubborn sets that omit the construction of redundant information, and unfoldings that represent concurrent events in a partial order have successfully been applied to alleviate the exponential growth. These techniques apply a simple syntactical criterion to identify independent actions. This criterion is not applicable to networks of timed automata as simple examples show, which renders the existing techniques unapplicable. But networks of timed automata face the state space explosion problem as well which raises the demand for a specific reduction technique for these systems. In this thesis, we consider a special, but practically relevant class of networks of timed automata as a formal model for discrete, distributed, timed systems. We develop a novel technique that constructs a complete, finite representation of such a system's state space. This representation is the complete, finite prefix of an unfolding in which concurrently enabled actions are partially ordered. We show that this technique is capable of reducing the size of the state space by magnitude. We are presently not aware of any state space reduction technique for timed automata with similar results.
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  • Jens Kleine
    Abstrakte Petrinetzmuster für BPEL unter Bewahrung von Verklemmungen
    Studienarbeit, oct 2006
    Wir präsentieren die Reduktion einer Petrinetzsemantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, die alle Verklemmungen bewahrt und dabei die Petrinetzmuster so stark verkleinert, dass Model-Checking größerer Geschäftsprozesse ermöglicht wird. Dies geschieht, indem wir jedes Petrinetzmuster einzeln betrachten und verkleinern. Bisherige Versuche der computergestützten Analyse scheiterten auf Grund der Größe und Komplexität der entstandenen Petrinetze.
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    Distributed Abstract State Machines and Their Expressive Power
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jan 2006
    Gurevich's sequential Abstract State Machines (ASMs)are taken as a basis for the construction of distributed ASMs as sets of sequential ASMs. A theorem on the expressive power of distributed ASMs is proven in analogy to Gurevich's classical theorem on the expressive power of sequential ASMs.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    An Algorithm for Matching Nondeterministic Services with Operating Guidelines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2006
    Interorganizational cooperation is more and more organizedby the paradigm of services. Service-oriented architectures (SOA) provide a general framework for service interaction. SOA describe three roles of services, the service provider, the service requester, and the service broker, together with the three operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on nondeterministic automata to model services and their interaction. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to finite and acyclic automata. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize the publish operation. In our approach, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester's service and the published operating guidelines. If matching services are actually bound together, our approach guarantees deadlockfree communication. In this paper, matching of deterministic as well as nondeterministic automata with operating guidelines is presented.
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  • Daniela Weinberg
    Reduction Rules for Interaction Graphs
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, feb 2006
    The internet today has grown to be more than just being a basis for exchanging information. It steadily becomes a platform for processing business processes. Many companies distribute their service with the help of web services or integrate other web services into their own workflow. However, before a web service gets published it should be examined well. We will introduce a way of examining the controllability of a web service. That means, we study whether a controller can actually use the functionality provided by the web service. We propose the interaction graph of a web service, that is modelled by an open workflow net. To verify whether such a net is controllable or not it is sufficient to construct a reduced interaction graph. We will define reduction rules that minimize the size of the graph greatly. The analysis using the interaction graph as well as the reduction rules shown in this paper are implemented and have been integrated into an analysis tool kit for web services.
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  • Niels Lohmann, Peter Massuthe, Karsten Wolf
    Operating Guidelines for Finite-State Services
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, dec 2006
    We introduce the concept of an operating guideline for an arbitrary finite-state service P, extending the work of [1, 2] which was restricted to acyclic services. An operating guideline gives complete information about how to correctly (in this paper: deadlock-free) communicate with P. It can further be executed or used for service discovery. An operating guideline for P is a particular service S that is enriched with annotations. S communicates deadlock-free with P and is able to simulate every other service that communicates deadlock-free with P. The attached annotations give complete information about whether or not a simulated service is deadlock-free, too.
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  • Andreas Glausch, Wolfgang Reisig
    On the Expressive Power of Unbounded-Nondeterministic Abstract State Machines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, dec 2006
    Conventional computational models assume a symbolical representation of states. Gurevich's Abstract State Machines (ASMs) take a more liberal position: any mathematical structure may serve as a state. Gurevich characterizes the expressive power of sequential ASMs in a non-trivial theorem: he defines the class of \emphsequential algorithms by help of only a few, amazingly general requirements and proves this class to be equivalent to sequential ASMs. Later, this result has been extended to the class of bounded-nondeterministic ASMs. This paper considers the general case of unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs: in each step, an unbounded-nondeterministic ASM may choose among infinitely many alternatives. We define the class of unbounded-nondeterministic algorithms by a conservative extension of Gurevich's original requirements to sequential algorithms. We show that this class is equivalent to unbounded-nondeterministic ASMs.
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2005 (42)

2005

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Adrianna Alexander
    Komposition Temporallogischer Spezifikationen - Spezifikation und Verifikation von Systemen mit Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions
    Dissertation, sep 2005
    This thesis introduces a new temporal logic, called Temporal Logic ofDistributed Actions, TLDA for short. TLDA is designed for compositional specification and verification of distributed systems. TLDA originates syntactically from an already established temporal logic, TLA. But TLDA, contrary to TLA and other known compositional temporal logics, is based semantically on a partial order structure, called distributed run. Compared to TLA, the use of this semantical model increases the expressiveness of TLDA. Both the system and its properties are described in one formalism: They are represented by a set of distributed runs and specified in TLDA by a temporal logic formula. Hence, the verification of a system is reduced to proving that the system specification implies the property specification. We provide a set of proof rules for this. We show that the composition of systems is specified by conjunction of the specifications of its components and, usually, the specification of the interaction between the components. Hence, the specification of a composed system can be derived from specifications of its components. Component properties are preserved in the process of composition. Thus, components can be verified separately and then be integrated into the composed system. This economises the effort for verification. Attuned for distributed runs we develop a semantical criterion for TLDA-formulas, called environmental invariance. We show that environmental invariant formulas are suited for the specification of system components. We prove that such environmental invariant formulas, due to their properties, supply a modular design of systems.
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Andreas Glausch
    Eine Charakterisierung einfacher Petrinetz-Schemata
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    Wir untersuchen die Ausdrucksmächtigkeit von Petrinetz-Schemata. Dazuführen wir die Teilklasse der einfachen Petrinetz-Schemata ein und zeigen, welche Systeme sich durch ein einfaches Petrinetz-Schema darstellen lassen und welche nicht. Die hinreichenden und notwendigen Eigenschaften dazu formulieren wir in einem Theorem.
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  • Carsten Frenkler, Karsten Schmidt
    Modellierung und Analyse transaktionaler Geschäftsprozesse
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    Wie erweitern in dieser Arbeit Workflow-Module um ein Konzept, mit dem derEinfluß eines Datenbanksystems auf die Bedienbarkeit eines Geschäftsprozesses untersucht werden kann. Wir integrieren transaktionale Eigenschaften als internes Verhalten in Workflow-Module und können damit Bedienbarkeit und Einhaltung transaktionaler Eigenschaften durch Analyse entscheiden.
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  • Eckhard Grass, Frank Winkler, Milos Krstic, Alexandra Julius, Christian Stahl, Maxim Piz
    Enhanced GALS Techniques for Datapath Applications
    Vassilis Paliouras and Johan Vounckx and Diederik Verkest, editors
    In Integrated Circuit and System Design: 15th International Workshop, PATMOS 2005, Leuven, Belgium, September 20-23, 2005, volume 3728 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, aug 2005
    Based on a previously reported request driven technique for Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous (GALS) circuits this paper presents two significant enhancements. Firstly, the previously required local ring oscillators are avoided. Instead, an external clock with arbitrary phase for each GALS block is used. Details of the required wrapper circuitry, the proposed design flow and performance are provided. Secondly, to reduce supply noise, a novel approach applying individual clock jitter for GALS blocks is proposed. A simulation using the jitter technique shows that for a typical GALS system, the power spectrum of the supply current can be reduced by about 15 dB.
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  • Sebastian Hinz, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Transforming BPEL to Petri Nets
    Wil M. P. van der Aalst and B. Benatallah and F. Casati and F. Curbera, editors
    In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2005), volume 3649 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Nancy, France, sep 2005
    We present a Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behaviour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). The semantics is implemented as a parser that translates BPEL specifications into the input language of the Petri net model checking tool LoLA. We demonstrate that the semantics is well suited for computer aided verification purposes.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Schmidt
    Operating Guidelines for Services
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    In the service-oriented architecture (SOA), we distinguish three roles of service owners:service providers, service requesters, and service brokers, and the three standard operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on Petri nets to model services. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize publish. Then, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester?s service and the operating guideline.
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  • Ingo Stürmer, Daniela Weinberg, Mirko Conrad
    Overview of Existing Safeguarding Techniques for Automatically Generated Code
    In SEAS '05: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Engineering for Automotive Systems, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2005
    Code generators are increasingly used in an industrial context to translate graphical models into executable code. Since the code is often deployed in safety-related environments, the quality of the code generators is of paramount importance. In this paper, we will present and discuss state-of-the-art techniques for safeguarding automatic code generation applied in model-based development.
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  • Daniela Weinberg, Karsten Schmidt
    Reduction Rules for Interaction Graphs
    Karsten Schmidt and Christian Stahl, editors
    In 12. Workshop "Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze" (AWPN 2005), Proceedings, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    The internet today has grown to be more than just being a basisfor exchanging information. It steadily becomes a platform for processing business processes. Many companies distribute their service with the help of web services or integrate other web services into their own workflow. However, before a web service gets published it should be examined well. We will introduce a way of examining the controllability of a web service. We propose the interaction graph of a web service, that is modelled by an open workflow net. To verify whether such a net is controllable or not it is sufficient to construct a reduced interaction graph. We will define reduction rules that minimize the size of the graph greatly. The analysis using the interaction graph as well as the reduction rules are implemented and have been integrated into an analysis tool kit for web services.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Schmidt
    Operating Guidelines - an Automata-Theoretic Foundation for the Service-Oriented Architecture
    Kai-Yuan Cai and Atsushi Ohnishi and M.F. Lau, editors
    In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC 2005), IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, sep 2005
    In the service-oriented architecture (SOA), we distinguish three roles of service owners: service providers, service requesters, and service brokers. Each service provider publishes information to the broker about how requesters can interact with its service. Thus, the broker can assign a fitting service provider to a querying requester. We propose the information published to the broker to be operating guidelines. Operating guidelines are essentially communication instructions for the service requester. We present an automata-theoretic approach that is centered around operating guidelines and is capable of implementing all tasks arising in the SOA.
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  • Christian Stahl, Wolfgang Reisig, Milos Krstic
    Hazard Detection in a GALS Wrapper: A Case Study
    Jörg Desel and Y. Watanabe, editors
    In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'05), IEEE Computer Society, St. Malo, France, jun 2005
    An asynchronous wrapper of a fabricated GALS system is analyzed for hazards. For this purpose a Petri net based modelling approach of this GALS wrapper is presented. In our model the question whether a hazard can occur in a gate is reduced to a model checking problem: the reachability of a particular marking in the Petri net. In order to alleviate state space explosion two techniques to reduce the model's state space are presented. By use of these techniques we detected several potential hazards and a deadlock in the wrapper.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    On the Expressive Power of Petri Net Schemata
    Gianfranco Ciardo and Philippe Darondeau, editors
    In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2005: 26th International Conference, ICATPN 2005, Miami, USA, June 20-25, 2005. Proceedings, volume 3536 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag, may 2005
    High-level Petri nets are frequently represented as Petri net schemas, with places, transitions and arcs inscribed by terms. A concrete system is then gained by interpreting the symbols in those terms. The behavior of a concrete system is a transition system. The composition of all those transition systems represents the behavior of the Petri net schema. This paper characterizes the expressive power of (a basic class of) Petri net schemas. It turns out that quite simple as well as quite general requirements at a transition system suffice to generate it by such a Petri net schema.
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  • Milos Krstic, Eckhard Grass, Christian Stahl
    Request-Driven GALS Technique for Wireless Communication System
    In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Advanced Research in Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC 2005), IEEE Computer Society, New York, NY, USA, mar 2005
    A Globally Asynchronous - Locally Synchronous (GALS) technique for application in wireless communication systems is proposed and evaluated. The GALS wrappers are based on a request-driven operation with an embedded time-out function. A formally verified GALS wrapper is deployed for the ?GALSification? of a baseband processor for WLAN. Details of the GALS partitioning, implementation and the design-flow are discussed. Furthermore, a test strategy based on built-in self-test (BIST) is suggested. The described baseband processor was fabricated and successfully tested. The GALS design is compared with a clock-gated, synchronous version. Advantages for system integration are achieved along with a 1% reduction in dynamic power consumption, a 30% reduction in peak power supply current, and 5 dB reduction in spectral noise.
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  • Dirk Fahland, Wolfgang Reisig
    ASM-based semantics for BPEL: The negative Control Flow
    Danièle Beauquier and Egon Börger and Anatol Slissenko, editors
    In Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Abstract State Machines (ASM'05), Paris XII, mar 2005
    BPEL is presently the most prominent language to specify and execute business processes, using Web Services as its technological basis. Particular problems arise when activities are faulty: faults have to be propagated, other activities have to be irregularly terminated, etc. We describe the formal semantics of fault handlers and event handlers, demonstrating that ASMs are most adequate for this purpose.
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Controllability of Open Workflow Nets
    Jörg Desel and Ulrich Frank, editors
    In Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, volume P-75 of Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Köllen Druck+Verlag GmbH, Bonn, 2005
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  • Axel Martens
    Consistency between Executable and Abstract Processes
    In Proceedings of Intl. IEEE Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce, and e-Services (EEE'05), IEEE Computer Society Press, Hong Kong, mar 2005
    Process models play an all-important role in the development of cross-organizational business processes. On the one hand, the interaction between the participating companies often is specified globally, for example by means of multiple abstract process models - one for each partner. On the other hand, each partner defines its local process autonomously in terms of an executable process model. The important question is whether such an executable model is consistent to the predefined abstract model. This paper describes an approach to prove this property automatically.
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  • Axel Martens
    Simulation and Equivalence between BPEL Process Models
    In Proceedings of the Design, Analysis, and Simulation of Distributed Systems Symposium (DASD'05), Part of the 2005 Spring Simulation Multiconference (SpringSim'05), San Diego, California, apr 2005
    The integration of business process across the boundaries of individual enterprises or business units is becoming increasingly important. In this scenario, process models play an all-important role. On the one hand, the interaction between the participating companies often is specified globally, for example by means of multiple abstract process models - one for each partner. On the other hand, each partner defines its local process autonomously in terms of an executable process model. The important question is whether such an executable model is consistent to the predefined abstract model. This paper defines a simulation relation between BPEL process models, and presents a method to verify consistency automatically, on top of it.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Modeling- and Analysis Techniques for Web Services and Business Processes
    Martin Steffen and Gianluigi Zavattaro, editors
    In Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems: 7th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, FMOODS 2005, Athens, Greece, June 15-17, 2005. Proceedings, volume 3535 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag, may 2005
    Open distributed systems include in particular Web services and business processes. There is a need of techniques to model such systems formally, and to derive decisive properties from such models. Three such techniques are presented in this paper, exemplified by help of realistic examples, and mutually related w.r.t. their respective expressive power and the availability of analysis techniques.
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  • Axel Martens
    Process Oriented Discovery of Business Partners
    In Proceedings of 7th Intl. Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS'05), Vol 3, INSTICC, Miami, Florida, may 2005
    Emerging technologies and industrial standards in the field of Web services enable a much faster and easier cooperation of distributed partners. With the increasing number of enterprises that offer specific functionality in terms of Web services, discovery of matching partners becomes a serious issue. At the moment, discovery of Web services generally is based on meta-information (e. g. name, business category) and some technical aspects (e. g. interface, protocols). But, this selection might be to coarse grained for dynamic application integration, and there is much more information available. This paper describes a method to discover business partners based on the comparison of their behavior ? specified in terms of their published Web service process models.
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  • Axel Martens
    Analyzing Web Service based Business Processes
    Maura Cerioli, editors
    In Proceedings of Intl. Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE'05), Part of the 2005 European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS'05), volume 3442 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Edinburgh, Scotland, apr 2005
    This paper is concerned with the application of Web services to distributed, cross-organizational business processes. In this scenario, it is crucial to answer the following questions: Do two Web services fit together in a way such that the composed system is deadlock-free? - the question of compatibility. Can one Web service be replaced by another while the remaining components stay untouched? - the question of equivalence. Can we reason about the soundness of one given Web service without considering the actual environment it will by used in? This paper defines the notion of usability - an intuitive and locally provable soundness criterion for a given Web services. Based on this notion, this paper demonstrates how the other questions could be answered. The presented method is based on Petri nets, because this formalism is widely used for modeling and analyzing business processes. Due to the existing Petri net semantics for BPEL4WS - a language that is in the very act of becoming the industrial standard for Web service based business processes - the results are directly applicable to real world examples.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt
    An Operating Guideline Approach to the SOA
    In 2nd South-East European Workshop on Formal Methods 2005 (SEEFM05), Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 2005
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Kommunizierende Workflow-Services modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung, Springer-Verlag, oct 2005
    Zur adäquaten Nutzung von Workflow-Implementierungen kommunizierender Geschäftsprozesse werden Konzepte vorgeschlagen,die von konkreten Implementierungen abstrahieren. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen werden unterschiedliche Varianten der Bedienbarkeit von Workflows charakterisiert und dafür Entscheidungsalgorithmen vorgestellt. Die Angemessenheit des Ansatzes wird am Beispiel der Semantik von Komponenten der Geschäftsprozess-Modellierungssprache BPEL demonstriert.
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  • Bernd-Holger Schlingloff, Axel Martens, Karsten Schmidt
    Modeling and Model Checking Web Services
    volume 126 of Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science: Issue on Logic and Communication in Multi-Agent Systems 126, Elsevier, mar 2005
    We give an overview on web services and the web service technology stack. We then show how to build Petri net models of web services formulated in the specification language BPEL4WS. We define an abstract correctness criterion for these models and study the automated verification according to this criterion. Finally, we relate correctness of web service models to the model checking problem for alternating temporal logics.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt
    An Operating Guideline Approach to the SOA
    volume 1 of Annals of Mathematics, Computing \& Teleinformatics 1 (3), 2005
    Interorganizational cooperation is more andmore organized by the paradigm of services. The serviceoriented architecture (SOA) provides a general framework for service interaction. It describes three roles, service provider, service requester, and service broker, together with the three operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on Petri nets to model services and their cooperation. We characterize well-behaving pairs of requester's and provider's services and suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize publish. In our approach, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester's service and the operating guideline. Binding of a requester's and a provider's service is therefore guaranteed to result in a well-behaving cooperating service. At this time, the approach is limited to acyclic Petri nets.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Niels Lohmann
    Formale Fundierung und effizientere Algorithmen für die schrittbasierte TLDA-Interleavingsemantik
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2005
    Die Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA) ist eine neue temporale Logik miteiner Halbordnungssemantik und eignet sich somit zur Spezifikation verteilter Systeme. Allerdings existieren für TLDA noch keine Werkzeuge, die die Spezifikation und Verifikation unterstützen. Die Verfügbarkeit solcher Werkzeuge trägt jedoch entscheidend zur Verbreitung der Logik bei. In [Loh05] wurde mit der Ausarbeitung und Implementierung einer schrittbasierten Interleavingsemantik für TLDA die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines expliziten TLDA-Modelcheckers gelegt. Der genaue Zusammenhang zwischen der Halbordnungs- und Interleavingsemantik wurde jedoch nicht bewiesen. Außerdem handelt es sich bei der Implementierung der Interleavingsemantik um einen Brute-Force-Prototyp, der nur für sehr einfach Spezifikationen in der Lage ist das Transitionssystem zu konstruieren. Die formale Fundierung sowie die Ausarbeitung effizienter Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen ist Inhalt dieser Arbeit. Anhand mehrerer Fallstudien untersuchen wir die Leistungsfähigkeit des erweiterten Prototyps und illustrieren die Beziehung zwischen der Halbordnungs- und Interleavingsemantik.
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  • Elke Salecker, Nora Toussaint
    Gegenbeispielgesteuerte Abstraktionsverfeinerung in High-Level-Petrinetzen
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2005
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  • Alexandra Julius
    Entwurf und VHDL-Modellierung von mesochronen GALS-Schaltungen
    Studienarbeit, dec 2005
    Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Entwurf und VHDL-Modellierung global-asynchroner lokal-synchroner (GALS) Schaltungen, die sich von bisherigen Entwurfsmethoden abheben. Grundlage unserer Forschung ist der am IHP entwickelte request-getriebene GALSWrapper, dessen lokale Takterzeugung bisher unter Verwendung von Ring-Oszillatoren realisiert wurde. Dieser heterochrone Ansatz verkompliziert jedoch Entwurf und Inbetriebnahme der GALS-Schaltung. Zusätzlich steigt durch den Gebrauch von Ring-Oszillatoren der Energieverbrauch insgesamt an, und es wird mehr Chipfläche benötigt. Wir entwickeln daher einen GALS-Wrapper, der mesochron realisiert ist und mit einer globalen Taktversorgung auskommt. Der Wechsel von heterochronen zu mesochronen GALS-Schaltungen bringt unter anderem die Schwierigkeit mit sich, eine sinnvolle Taktsynchronisation herzustellen. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich die beim Design asynchroner Systeme übliche Aufgabe des korrekten Schaltungsentwurfs. Insbesondere muss darauf geachtet werden, dass in der Schaltung keine Hazards entstehen, die das System negativ beeinflussen können. In dieser Arbeit ersetzen wir den heterochronen GALS-Wrapper durch einen mesochronen. Wir zeigen insbesondere, dass durch den mesochronen Ansatz sowohl Datendurchsatz erhöht als auch Energieverbrauch gemindert werden. Die resultierenden Ergebnisse wurden in einem Papier [GWK+05] festgehalten, das für die Patmos Konferenz 2005 akzeptiert wurde.
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  • Alexander Brade
    Übersetzung graphischer Verhaltensbeschreibungen von Services in Abstract State Machines
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2005
    Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden wir kurz die Begriffe Service OrientedArchitecture und Service erklären. Den Begriff der Services werden wir genauer betrachten. Im Anschluss daran werden wir die Frage behandeln, wie das dynamische Verhalten eines Services mit UML 2-Diagrammen (UML = Unified Modeling Language) graphisch beschrieben werden kann. Dazu werden wir uns besonders auf die UML 2-Verhaltensdiagramme konzentrieren. Dabei werden wir auch einige Einschränkungen an den Verhaltensdiagrammen vornehmen. Wir werden dann das dynamische Verhalten eines beispielhaften DinnerServices mit Hilfe von Verhaltensdiagrammen beschreiben. Diese Verhaltensdiagramme des DinnerServices werden wir in Abstract State Machines (ASMs) übersetzen. Zwei der so erhaltenen ASMs werden wir im Anschluss an die Verhaltensbeschreibungen des DinnerServices in die Spezifikationssprache AsmL überführen und simulieren. Abschließend betrachten wir kurz die Verfeinerungsmöglichkeiten von ASMs.
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  • Carsten Frenkler
    Modellierung und Analyse transaktionaler Geschäftsprozesse
    Diplomarbeit, jul 2005
    Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit zwei wichtigen Aspekten von Geschäftsprozessen. Das ist einerseits die Frage, ob die Funktionalität eines Prozesses genutzt werden kann und andererseits die Frage, ob die Transaktionen eines Prozesses vernünftig verarbeitet werden können. Für die Analyse der beiden Aspekte wird ein geeignetes Modell benötigt. Hierfür werden die auf Petrinetzen basierenden Workflow-Module erweitert, indem transaktionale Eigenschaften in ein Petrinetz übersetzt werden und in das Modul integriert werden. Letztlich liefert die Analyse der Bedienbarkeit des erweiterten Moduls eine Antwort auf beide Fragen.
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  • Sebastian Hinz
    Implementierung einer Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2005
    BPEL ist eine Modellierungssprache zur Beschreibung von verteilten Geschäftsprozessen mit Webservices. Um mit formalen Methoden die Sprache selbst und in BPEL modellierte Prozesse verifizieren zu können, wird eine formale Semantik benötigt. Auf der Basis von Petrinetzen wurde bereits eine solche Semantik entwickelt. Um die Analyse eines Prozesses zu ermöglichen wird ein Werkzeug benötigt, das die Transformation des Prozesses in ein Petrinetz übernimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein solches Werkzeug entwickelt, vorgestellt und seine Funktionsweise erläutert.
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  • Andreas Glausch
    Varianten des ASM-Theorems
    Diplomarbeit, jun 2005
    Abstract-State-Machines, kurz ASMs, sind eine Methode zur formalen Beschreibung von Algorithmen. Diese Methode hebt sich dabei deutlich von klassischen Algorithmusbegriffen wie Turingmaschinen und berechenbaren Funktionen ab. So lassen sich mit ASMs unter anderem auch nicht-terminierende Algorithmen beschreiben. Genauso wie es unterschiedliche Klassen von Algorithmen gibt, existieren auch eine ganze Reihe unterschiedlicher Klassen von ASMs, so zum Beispiel die sequentiellen, die nichtdeterministischen und die verteilten ASMs. Für die Klasse der sequentiellen ASMs exisitiert eine schöne Charakterisierung durch das sogenannte ASM-Theorem. Diese Charakterisierung basiert auf natürlichen und leicht verständlichen Forderungen und erleichtert somit dass Verständnis für die Ausdrucksmächtigkeit der sequentiellen ASMs und von Algorithmen im Allgemeinen. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir das ASM-Theorem auf die Klasse der nichtdeterministischen ASMs und auf die Klasse der verteilten ASMs.
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  • Niels Lohmann
    Implementierung einer schrittbasierten Interleavingsemantik für die Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA)
    Studienarbeit, jun 2005
    Die Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA) ist eine temporale Logik mit einer Halbordnungssemantik und eignet sich somit zur Spezifikation verteilter Systeme. Allerdings gibt es noch wenig Erfahrung bei der computergestützten Verifikation halbordnungsbasierter Formalismen. Viele bekannte effiziente Algorithmen des expliziten Modelchecking setzen ein Transitionssystem und somit eine Interleavingsemantik voraus. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Interleavingsemantik für TLDA vorgeschlagen und ein Prototyp entwickelt, der für eine bestimmte Klasse von TLDA-Spezifikationen das Transitionssystem aufbaut. Die entwickelte Semantik soll zusammen mit dem Prototypen die Grundlage für die weitere Arbeit an einem Modelchecker für TLDA sein.
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  • Alexander Brade
    ASMs und die Struktur und Dynamik von Web Services
    Studienarbeit, jan 2005
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Schmidt
    Matching Nondeterministic Services with Operating Guidelines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jun 2005
    Abstract Interorganizational cooperation is more and more organizedby the paradigm of services. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides a general framework for service interaction. It describes three roles, service provider, service requester, and service broker, together with the operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on nondeterministic automata to model services and their interaction. We suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize publish. In our approach, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester?s service and operating guidelines. In this paper, matching of deterministic as well as nondeterministic automata with operating guidelines is presented.
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  • Christian Stahl
    A Petri Net Semantics for BPEL
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2005
    We present a pattern-based Petri net semantics for the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL). Our semantics is complete - it covers the standard behaviour of BPEL as well as the exceptional behav-iour (e.g. faults, events, compensation). Therefore every business process specified in BPEL can be transformed into a Petri net.
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  • Dirk Fahland
    Complete Abstract Operational Semantics for the Web Service Business Process Execution Language
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
    In this technical report we present an abstract operational semantics for the Business ProcessExecution Language for Web Services, or BPEL for short. In effect, the semantics defined herein are a variation and an extension of the semantics published first in [FGV04a] and [Far04] defined by the group of Uwe Glässer the Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. We namely add semantics for correlation handling, dead path elimination and event handling; we define the data handling on a finer level; we slightly alter the basic framework of how activities are formalized in [FGV04a] in order to achieve greater robustness against changes of the informal specification. Furthermore this technical report serves as a base for a joint work with the group of Simon Fraser University.
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  • Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    12. Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze (AWPN 2005), Proceedings
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, sep 2005
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  • Christian Stahl, Wolfgang Reisig, Milos Krstic
    Hazard Detection in a GALS Wrapper: a Case study
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, feb 2005
    An asynchronous wrapper of a fabricated GALS system is analyzed for hazards. For this purpose a Petri net based modelling approach of this GALS wrapper is presented. In our model the question whether a hazard can occur in a gate is reduced to a model checking problem: the reachability of a particular marking in the Petri net. In order to alleviate state space explosion three techniques to reduce the model?s state space are presented. By use of these techniques we detected several potential hazards in the wrapper.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse modellieren und analysieren
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, feb 2005
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse nutzen das Internet, um auf heterogenen Rechnerstrukturen Dienste auszubieten. Modellierungstechniken und Implementierungssprachen für solche Dienste werfen im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Rechnern grundlegend neue Fragestellungen auf. Wir diskutieren einige davon und zeigen, wie Petrinetze ihre Beantwortung ermöglichen.
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  • Peter Massuthe, Karsten Schmidt
    Operating Guidelines - an Alternative to Public View
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005
    We propose operating guidelines as artifacts for publishing information about how to communicate with a business process that is intended to be provided as a service. We present an approach to compute operating guidelines fully automatically. We compare operating guidelines with the concept of public view.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Modeling- and Analysis Techniques for Web Services and Business Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Controlability of Distributed Business Processes
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005
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  • Peter Massuthe, Wolfgang Reisig, Karsten Schmidt
    An Operating Guideline Approach to the SOA
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005
    Interorganizational cooperation is more and more organized by the paradigm of services. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides a general framework for service interaction. It describes three roles, service provider, service requester, and service broker, together with the three operations publish, find, and bind. We provide a formal method based on Petri nets to model services and their cooperation. We characterize well-behaving pairs of requester?s and provider?s services and suggest operating guidelines as a convenient and intuitive artifact to realize publish. Then, the find operation reduces to a matching problem between the requester?s service and the operating guideline. Binding of a requester?s and a provider?s service is therefore guaranteed to result in a well-behaving cooperating service.
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2004 (22)

2004

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Lectures on Concurrency and Petri Nets, Advances in Petri Nets 2003
    Jörg Desel and Wolfgang Reisig and Grzegorz Rozenberg, editors
    In Lectures on Concurrency and Petri Nets, volume 3098 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2004
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  • Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2004, 25th International Conference, ICATPN 2004, Bologna, Italy, June 21-25, 2004, Proceedings
    Jordi Cortadella and Wolfgang Reisig, editors
    In ICATPN, volume 3099 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2004
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Karsten Schmidt
    Automated Generation of a Progress Measure for the Sweep-Line Method
    In Proc. 10th Conf. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS), volume 2988 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2004
    In the context of Petri nets, we propose an automated construction of a progress measure which is an important pre-requisite for a state space reduction technique called the sweep-line method. Our construction is based on linear-algebraic considerations concerning the transition vectors of the Petri net under consideration.
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  • Karsten Schmidt, Christian Stahl
    A Petri net semantic for BPEL4WS - validation and application
    Ekkart Kindler, editors
    In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets (AWPN'04), Universität Paderborn, oct 2004
    We translated a small business process into a recently defined Petri net semantic. Then we used the tool LoLA for validating the semantic as well as for proving relevant properties of the particular process.
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Distributed Usability of Web Services
    In Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets (AWPN 04), Bericht tr-ri-04-251, Universität Paderborn, 2004
    We estabilish a theory of distributed usability. To do so, it is however neccessary to modify the already existing theory of central usability.
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  • Axel Martens
    Analysis and re-engineering of Web Services
    In Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS'04), Porto, Portugal, 2004
    To an increasing extend software systems are integrated across the borders of individual enterprises. The Web Service approach provides group of technologies to describe components and their composition, based on well established protocols. Focused on business processes, one Web Service implements a local subprocess. A distributed business processes is implemented by the composition a set of communicating Web Services. At the moment, there are various modeling languages under development to describe the internal structure of one Web Service (e. g. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services BPEL4WS (BEA et al., 2002a)) and the choreography of a set of Web Services (e. g. Web Service Choreography Interface WSCI (BEA et al., 2002b)). Nevertheless, there is a need for methods for stepwise construction and verification of such components. This paper abstracts from concrete syntax of any proposed language definition. Instead, we apply Petri nets to model Web Services. Thus, we are able to reason about essential properties, e. g. usability of a Web Service - our notion of a quality criterion. Based on this framework, we present an algorithm to analyze a given Web Service and to transfer a complex process model into a appropriate model of a Web Service.
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  • Adrianna Alexander, Wolfgang Reisig
    Compositional Temporal Logic Based on Partial Order
    In 11th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME'04), IEEE Computer Society, 2004
    The Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA) is a new temporal logic designed for the specification and verification of distributed systems. The logic supports a compositional design of systems: subsystems can be specified separately and then be integrated into one system. TLDA can be syntactically viewed as an extension of TLA. We propose a different semantical model based on partial order which increases the expressiveness of the logic.
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  • Adrianna Alexander
    Composition of Temporal Logic Specifications
    Jordi Cortadella and Wolfgang Reisig, editors
    In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2004, 25th International Conference (ICATPN 2004), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2004
    The Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA) is a new temporal logic designed for the specification and verification of distributed systems. TLDA supports a modular design of systems: Subsystems can be specified and verified separately and then be integrated into one system. The properties of the subsystems will be preserved in this process. TLDA can be syntactically viewed as an extension of TLA. We propose a different semantical model based on partial order which increases the expressiveness of the logic.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Farn Wang, Karsten Schmidt, Fang Yu, Geng-Dian Huang, Bow-Yaw Wang
    BDD-Based Safety-Analysis of Concurrent Software with Pointer Data Structures Using Graph Automorphism Symmetry Reduction
    volume 30 of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) 30 (6), jun 2004
    Dynamic data-structures with pointer links, which are heavily used in real-world software, cause extremely difficult verification problems. Currently, there is no practical framework for the efficient verification of such software systems. We investigated symmetry reduction techniques for the verification of software systems with C-like indirect reference chains like x->y->z->w. We formally defined the model of software with pointer data structures and developed symbolic algorithms to manipulate conditions and assignments with indirect reference chains using BDD technology. We relied on two techniques, inactive variable elimination and process-symmetry reduction in the data-structure configuration, to reduce time and memory complexity. We used binary permutation for efficiency, but we also identified the possibility of an anomaly of false image reachability. We implemented the techniques in tool Red 5.0 and compared performance with Murø and SMC against several benchmarks.
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  • Jose M. Vidal, Paul Buhler, Christian Stahl
    Multiagent Systems with Workflows
    volume 8 of IEEE Internet Computing 8 (1), feb 2004
    Industry and researchers have two different visions for the future of Web services. Industry wants to capitalize on Web service technology to automate business processes via centralized workflow enactment. Researchers are interested in the dynamic composition of Web services. The authors show how these two visions are points in a continuum and discuss a possible path for bridging the gap between them.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Dirk Fahland
    Ein Ansatz einer formalen Semantik der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services mit Abstract State Machines
    Studienarbeit, aug 2004
    In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Definition einer formalen Semantik für die Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (kurz BPEL4WS) von IBM, Microsoft und deren Industriepartnern vor. Zur Formalisierung wählen wir den Abstract-State-Machine-Formalismus (kurz ASM), dessen theoretische Fundierung es uns erlaubt, die Semantik von BPEL4WS auf der selben Abstraktionsebene zur formalisieren, die in der informalen BPEL4WS-Spezifikation vorgegeben ist. Wir werden den inneren Aufbau der Sprache präzise, formal abbilden und damit eine intuitiv und anschaulich nachvollziehbare Entsprechung zwischen den Abläufen eines BPEL4WSProzesses gemäß der gegebenen informalen Semantik und unserer formalen Semantik aufzeigen. Dazu analysieren wir die Struktur von BPEL4WS und zeigen mit welchen Mitteln des ASM-Formalismus diese adäquat, formal erfasst werden und wie in ASM notierte Spezifikationen zu lesen sind. Hierzu werden wir beispielhaft ausgewählte, syntaktische Konstrukte von BPEL4WS nach unserem Ansatz formalisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf die informale BPEL4WS-Spezifikation v1.1, veröffentlicht am 5. Mai 2003.
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  • Daniela Weinberg
    Analyse der Bedienbarkeit
    Diplomarbeit, oct 2004
    Das heutige Internet wächst zunehmend von einer Plattform als Informationsquelle hin zu einer Basis für die Abwicklung von Geschäftsprozessen. Zahlreiche Firmen stellen ihre Dienste bereits mit Hilfe von Web-Services zur Verfügung oder integrieren andere bereitgestellte Web-Services in ihren Geschäftsablauf. Nach Studien einiger Forschungsinstitute geht der Trend in der heutigen IT-Branche stark zum Einsatz solcher verteilter Geschäftsprozesse. Es werden Schlagworte wie out-tasking, plug-and-play und Lego-Wirtschaft geprägt. Bevor ein Geschäftsprozess in Form eines Web-Services jedoch veröffentlicht wird, sollte dieser geeignet untersucht werden. Wir werden uns in dieser Arbeit diesem Thema mit Hilfe von Petri-Netz-Modulen nähern. Sie modellieren gerade die interne Struktur von Geschäftsprozessen und ermöglichen es, den Prozess geeignet zu analysieren. Uns interessiert bei der Analyse, ob die Funktionalität, die ein Web-Service bereitstellen soll, auch wirklich genutzt werden kann. Wir sprechen in diesem Zusammenhang von Bedienbarkeit. Für die Analyse definieren wir den Interaktionsgraphen eines Workflow-Moduls, welcher die Zustände des Moduls und dessen Interaktion mit einer Umgebung veranschaulicht. Auf dieser Grundlage können wir dann eine Bedienstrategie definieren, durch die das Modul bedient werden kann. Das hei¼t, wenn eine Umgebung das Modul so bedienen kann, dass dieses ordentlich terminiert, finden wir eine Bedienstrategie in dem Interaktionsgraphen des Moduls. Darüber hinaus bieten die Graphen dem Modellierer die Möglichkeit, einen Blick auf die Abläufe seines Moduls zu werfen und genau erkennen zu können, welche Zustände des Moduls bei welcher Interaktion mit der Umgebung eingenommen werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Analyse kann der Modellierer seinen Prozess überarbeiten, anpassen etc. Um die Bedienbarkeit der Workflow-Module durch den Interaktionsgraphen zu verifizieren, reicht es aus, einen reduzierten Graphen zu konstruieren. Wir werden Reduktionsregeln definieren, die den Nachweis der Bedienbarkeit in den reduzierten Graphen erhalten. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Algorithmen sind implementiert und in Wombat4ws, einem Analysewerkzeug für Web-Services, integriert worden.
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  • Stephan Weißleder
    Semantische Fundierung der Web-Service-Beschreibungssprache WSCI
    Diplomarbeit, nov 2004
    Wir beschäftigen uns in dieser Arbeit mit verschiedenen Beschreibungsmöglichkeiten für Web Services. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Web-Service-Beschreibungssprache WSCI und ihre Eigenschaften. Wir werden eine Semantik entwickeln, die Stärken und Schwächen der zugrunde liegenden Spezifikation [AAF+02] aufzeigt und mit deren Hilfe wir die Eigenschaften von WSCI überprüfen können.
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  • Christian Stahl
    Transformation von BPEL4WS in Petrinetze
    Diplomarbeit, apr 2004
    BPEL4WS ist eine Sprache zur Beschreibung verteilter Geschäftsprozesse mit Web Services. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, die Sprache trotz ihrer Komplexität zu verstehen, um mit ihr im Umfeld von Web Services arbeiten zu können. Mit Hilfe einer formalen Semantik ist es möglich, die Sprache selbst und mit BPEL4WS spezifizierte Geschäftsprozesse zu verifizieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Petrinetz-Semantik für BPEL4WS vorgestellt. Dazu wird gezeigt, dass jedes Konstrukt der Sprache BPEL4WS in ein Petrinetz-Muster übersetzt werden kann. Damit ist es möglich, jeden in der Geschäftsprozesssprache BPEL4WS modellierten Geschäftsprozess in ein Petrinetz zu transformieren. Bei der Entwicklung der Semantik kann auf Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich "Petrinetze als Werkzeug zur Geschäftsprozessmodellierung" zurückgegriffen werden.
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  • Lars Kuhtz
    TLDA und Petrinetze
    Studienarbeit, apr 2004
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  • Peter Massuthe
    Verfeinerungstechniken der Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions TLDA
    Diplomarbeit, mar 2004
    TLDA, die Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions, ist eine neue temporale Logik zur Spezifikation verteilter Systeme. Sie basiert auf halbgeordneten Abläufen. Diese Logik hat noch keinen formalen Verfeinerungsbegriff. Die Entwicklung von Methoden zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung komplexer TLDA-Spezifikationen durch schrittweise Verfeinerung ist Inhalt der vorliegenden Arbeit. Wir unterscheiden dabei zwischen Datenverfeinerung und Transitionsverfeinerung. Die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methoden wird anhand mehrerer mittelgroßer Fallstudien gezeigt. Weiterhin beschäftigen wir uns mit der Bewahrung von Eigenschaften durch Daten- und Transitionsverfeinerungsschritte. Diese Arbeit richtet sich vor allem an die Modellierer verteilter Systeme mit formalen Spezifikationsmethoden, insbesondere temporalen Logiken.
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  • Yvonne Gabriel
    Anbindung externer Werkzeuge an den Petrinetz-Kern am Beispiel des Integrated Net Analyser
    Studienarbeit, apr 2004
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  • Carsten Frenkler
    BPEL-Boxen. Ein Modell zur Integration von Transaktionskonzepten in Geschäftsprozesse mit Petrinetzen
    Studienarbeit, feb 2004
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Adrianna Alexander, Wolfgang Reisig
    Compositional Temporal Logic Based on Partial Order
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, dec 2004
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  • Axel Martens, Christian Stahl, Daniela Weinberg, Dirk Fahland, Thomas Heidinger
    Business Process Execution Language for Web services - Semantik, Analyse und Visualisierung
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2004
    Moderne Systeme der Informationstechnik bestehen zumeist aus einer Vielzahl von Komponenten, die in einem Netzwerk auf verteilten Knoten ausgeführt werden. Mit dem Web-Service-Ansatz können solche Systeme einfacher und flexibler entwickelt werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Modellierung, Visualisierung und Analyse von Web Services. Ein Web Service kapselt eine Anwendung und stellt diese über ein wohldefiniertes Interface der Außenwelt zur Verfügung. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen dienen eine Reihe zusammenhängender Technologien zur Beschreibung eines Web Service. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der internen Struktur eines Web Service, beschrieben mit Hilfe der Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) [ACD+02]. Der Web-Service-Ansatz bietet ein homogenes Konzept von Komponenten und ihrer Komposition ber einem heterogenen Netzwerk. Damit ist die syntaktische Grundlage für die Entwicklung verteilter Systeme gelegt. Wesentlich für den Erfolg der Web Services ist jedoch die Beantwortung der semantischen Fragestellungen: Passen zwei gegebene Web Services inhaltlich zusammen? Kann in einem verteilten System ein gegebener Web Service durch einen anderen ersetzt werden? Entspricht ein konkreter Web Service einer gegebenen abstrakten Spezifikation? Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Beantwortung dieser und weiterer Fragestellungen im Web-Service-Ansatz: In einem ersten Schritt entwickeln wir eine formale Semantik für die Sprache BPEL4WS. Darauf aufbauend werden Methoden zur Analyse verteilter Systeme auf die konkreten Anforderungen bertragen und neue Verfahren entwickelt. Für die Diskussion der Modelle und Eigenschaften entwickeln wir eine intuitive graphische Repräsentation der Sprache BPEL4WS. Das Ziel der Forschungen ist die Umsetzung der Methoden in einem integrierten Entwicklungswerkzeug für BPEL4WS. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die ersten Ergebnisse in einem laufenden Projekt.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig, A. Brade
    ASM Models for Web Services
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The computable kernel of Sequential Abstract State Machines
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004
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2003 (20)

2003

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Axel Martens
    Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse - Modellierung und Verifikation mit Hilfe von Web Services
    Dissertation, 2003
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Michael Weber, Ekkart Kindler
    The Petri Net Kernel
    Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Herbert Weber, editors
    In Petri Net Technology for Communication-Based Systems, volume 2472 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2003
    The Petri Net Kernel (PNK) is an infrastructure for building Petri net tools. It relieves the programmer of a Petri net tool of implementing standard functionality on Petri nets. Moreover, it allows users to customize and to extend a PNK based tool according to their needs. In this paper, we discuss the goals, the concepts, and the realization of the Petri Net Kernel.
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  • Adrianna Alexander, Wolfgang Reisig
    Logic of Involved Variables - System Specification with Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions
    In Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'03), Guimaraes, Portugal , IEEE Computer Society, jun 2003
    The Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA) is a new temporal logic designed for the specification and verification of distributed systems. TLDA can be syntactically viewed as a slight extension of TLA. We propose a different semantical model based on partial order which evidently increases the expressiveness of the logic. Local variable updates in a system are explicitly modeled and expressed by TLDA formulas. Consequently, we can distinguish between concurrency and nondeterministic choice. All valuable features of TLA (composition is conjunction, implementation is implication) are retained. In addition, we are able to describe some important phenomena and properties typical for distributed systems.
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  • Axel Martens
    Compatibility of Web Services
    In 10th Workshop on Algorithms and Tools for Petri Nets (AWPN 2003), Eichstätt, Germany, sep 2003
    To an increasing extend business processes run across the borders of individual enterprises. Thus, there is a need to map each local subprocess into a self-contained component; a distributed business process arises from composition of such component via standardized communication protocols. The Web service approach provides a standardized, platform independent and widely accepted concept of components and composition for distributed systems of all kinds. This approach comes along together with group of technologies to describe precisely the structure of one Web service and the composition of a set of Web services. Although the technological basement is given, there is a lot of open questions, e. g. semantic compatibility of two Web services. This paper abstracts from concrete syntax of any proposed language definition. Instead, we apply Petri nets to model Web services. Thus, we are able to reason about essential properties, e. g. usability of a Web service - our notion of a quality criterion. Based on this framework, we discuss and define a criterion for semantic compatibility of Web services.
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  • Michael Weber, Ekkart Kindler
    The Petri Net Markup Language
    Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Herbert Weber, editors
    In Petri Net Technology for Communication-Based Systems, volume 2472 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2003
    The Petri Net Markup Language (PNML) is an XML-based interchange format for Petri nets. PNML supports any version of Petri net since new Petri net types can be defined by so-called Petri Net Type Definitions (PNTD). In this paper, we present the syntax and the semantics of PNML as well as the principles underlying its design. Moreover, we present an extension called modular PNML, which is a type independent module concept for Petri nets.
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  • Herbert Weber, Hartmut Ehrig, Wolfgang Reisig, Alexander Borusan, Sabine Lembke, Juliane Dehnert, Michael Weber, Axel Martens, Julia Padberg, Claudia Ermel, A. Qemali
    The Petri Net Baukasten of the DFG Forschergruppe PETRI NET TECHNOLOGY
    Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Herbert Weber, editors
    In Petri Net Technology for Communication-Based Systems, volume 2472 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2003
    In the long history of Petri nets a universe of Petri nets has evolved consisting of an enormously rich theory, a wide variety of tools, and numerous successful applications and case studies in various application domains. This vast variety is not any more handable for anyone working with Petri nets, which results in the strong need of a structured access to Petri nets. This structured access has been the main aim of the DFG-Forschergruppe PETRI NET TECHNOLOGY, which has developed the so-called Petri Net Baukasten for this purpose. It is designed to support Petri net experts, application developers and tool developers alike in their specific work with Petri nets. This paper presents an overview of the concepts, initial and 2nd installment of the Petri Net Baukasten, which have been presented at the 1st and 2nd International Colloquium on Petri Net Technologies for Modelling Communication Based Systems in 1999 and 2001, respectively.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Computable Kernel of ASM
    Egon Börger and Angelo Gargantini and Elvinia Riccobene, editors
    In Abstract State Machines, Advances in Theory and Practice, 10th International Workshop, ASM 2003, Taormina, Italy, volume 2589 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003
    A rich variety of system models for sequential, deterministic systems has been suggested during recent decades, including automata, process algebras, many versions of Petri Nets, and models to describe the semantics of Programming languages. All models for sequential, deterministic systems assume a set S of states, or configurations, and a next state function $\upsilon: S \rightarrow S$.
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Using Petri Net Invariants in State Space Construction
    Hubert Garavel and John Hatcliff, editors
    In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2003), 9th International Conference, Part of ETAPS 2003, volume 2619 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Warsaw, Poland, 2003
    The linear algebraic invariant calculus is a powerful technique for the verification of Petri nets. Traditionally it is used for structural verification, i.e. for avoiding the explicit construction of a state space. In this paper, we study the use of Petri net invariants for reducing the memory resources required during state space construction. While place invariants help to reduce the amount of memory needed for each single state (without reducing the number of states as such), transition invariants can be used to reduce the number of states to be stored. Interestingly, our approach does not require computing invariants in full, let alone storing them permanently. All information we need can be deduced from an upper triangular form of the Petri net's incidence matrix. Experiments prove that the place invariant technique leads to improvements in both memory and run time costs while transition invariants lead to a space/time tradeoff that can be controlled heuristically.
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  • Axel Martens
    On Usability of Web Services
    Coral Calero and Oscar Díaz and Mario Piattini, editors
    In Proceedings of 1st Web Services Quality Workshop (WQW 2003), Rome, Italy, 2003
    This paper is concerned with the application of Web services to distributed, cross-organizational business processes. Web services provide a platform independent concept of components and composition. Thus, they seem to be a proper technology to cover the heterogenous structures within distributed business processes: One Web service realizes a local subprocess. A distributed business process is realized by the composition of a set of Web services. Although the technological basement is given, there is a lot of open questions: Do two Web services fit together in a way, that the composition yields a deadlock-free system? - the question of compatibility. Can one Web service be exchanged by another within a composed system without running into problems? - the question of equivalence. Can we reason about the quality of one given Web service without considering the environment it will by used in? In this paper we present the notion of usability - our quality criterion of a Web service. This criterion is intuitive and can be easily proven locally. Moreover, this notion allows to answer the other questions mentioned above. The approach and the results presented in this paper are taken from a larger framework for modeling and analyzing business processes by help of Web services published in my PhD thesis [9].
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Karsten Schmidt
    Distributed Verification with LoLA
    volume 54 of Fundamenta Informaticae 54 (2-3), 2003
    We report work in progress on a distributed version of explicit state space generation in the Petri net verification tool LoLA. We propose a data structure where all available memory of all involved workstations can be fully exploited, and load balancing actions are possible at any time while the verification is running. It is even possible to extend the set of involved workstations while a verification is running.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Expressive Power of Abstract State Machines
    volume 22 of Computing and Informatics 22 (3), 2003
    Conventional computation models assume symbolic representations of states and actions. Gurevich's "Abstract-State Machine" model takes a more liberal position: Any mathematical structure may serve as a state. This results in "a computational model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models". We characterize the Abstract-State Machine model as a special class of transition systems that widely extends the class of "computable" transition systems. This characterization is based on a fundamental Theorem of Y. Gurevich.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    On Gurevich's Theorem on Sequential Algorithms
    volume 39 of Acta Informatica 39 (5), Springer-Verlag, 2003
    Abstract-State Machines have been introduced as ?a computation model that is more powerful and more universal than standard computation models?, by Yuri Gurevich in 1985 ([Gur85]). ASM gained much attention as a specification method, in particular for the description of the semantics of programming languages, communication protocols, distributed algorithms, etc. Gurevich proved recently that a sequential algorithm must only meet a few, liberal requirements, to be representable as an ASM. We re-formulate Gurevich?s requirements for sequential algorithms, as well as the semantics of ASM-programs and the proof of his main theorem. A couple of examples support and explain intuition and motivation of ASM.
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  • Axel Martens
    On Compatibility of Web Services
    Gabriel Juhás and Ekkart Kindler, editors
    volume 65 of Petri Net Newsletter 65, 2003
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  • Sonstiges

  • Lars Michael Kristensen, Karsten Schmidt, Antii Valmari
    Question Guided Stubborn Set Methods for State Properties
    2003
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Peter Massuthe
    Parallele Komposition in TLA
    Studienarbeit, sep 2003
    TLA ist eine temporale Logik zur Spezifikation verteilter Systeme. Aufgrund der Stotterinvarianz von TLA-Formeln erlaubt sie eine einfache parallele Komposition von Systemen. In dieser Studienarbeit werden unterschiedliche Arten der parallelen Komposition in TLA betrachtet und hierüber ein systematischer Überblick gegeben. Es wird eine Klassifikation der parallelen Komposition in TLA entwickelt und für jede Klasse ein Kompositionsschema angegeben. Dies ermöglicht eine automatische Komposition und erleichtert die Analyse.
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  • Thomas Heidinger
    Statische Analyse von BPEL4WS-Prozessmodellen
    Studienarbeit, dec 2003
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  • Daniela Weinberg
    Graphische Repräsentation von BPEL
    Studienarbeit, aug 2003
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  • Lars Münzberg
    Komposition von Web Services
    Studienarbeit, jun 2003
    Verteilte Systeme haben im letzten Jahrzehnt stetig an Bedeutung gewonnen, so sind sie aus dem täglichen Leben nicht mehr weg zu denken. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist das Bezahlen mit der EC-Karte oder die Buchbestellung über das Internet. Die Web-Service-Softwarearchitektur soll die Grundlage einer neuen zukunftsträchtigen Generation verteilter Systeme bilden. Momentan befindet sich die Technologie aber noch in der Entwicklungsphase, unter anderem ist die Komponierbarkeit von Web Services eine offene Frage. In dieser Arbeit soll ein Ansatz zur Entscheidung der als problematisch geltenden semantischen Kompatibilität entworfen werden.
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  • Dirk Hain, Christian Stahl
    Komposition von Web Services
    Studienarbeit, apr 2003
    Verteilte Systeme haben in den letzten Jahren in der Informatik immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Web-Service-Architektur ist eine Software-Architektur zur Modellierung und Implementierung verteilter Systeme. Sie ist als eine der zukunftsträchtigsten Technologien angesehen, die aber noch in der Erprobungsphase steckt. Unter anderem ist die Kompatibilität von Web Services eine offene Frage, wobei weniger syntaktische als vielmehr sematischen Kompatibilität problematisch ist. Diese Arbeit soll Ansätze zur Bestimmung semantischer Kompatibilität von Web Services liefern.
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  • Andreas Glausch
    Abstract-State Machines - Eine Sammlung didaktischer Beispiele
    Studienarbeit, feb 2003
    Diese Studienarbeit versucht durch eine Vielzahl von Beispielen den Begriff Abstract-State Machine und sequenzieller Algorithmus didaktisch sinnvoll darzustellen. Es werden dabei sowohl Beispiele als auch Gegenbeispiele angegeben, um Umfang und Grenzen dieser Begriffe aufzuzeigen.
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2002 (5)

2002

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Michael Weber
    Allgemeine Konzepte zur software-technischen Unterstützung verschiedener Petrinetz-Typen
    Dissertation, dec 2002
    Petrinetze werden in vielen Bereichen als Modellierungstechnik verwendet. Die verschiedenen Einsatzgebiete und Modellierungsziele erfordern dabei unterschiedliche Typen von Petrinetzen. Einen Petrinetz-Typ kennzeichnen -- neben den üblichen Stellen, Transitionen und Kanten -- eine Menge zusätzlicher, spezifischer Elemente, sowie eine spezifische Schaltregel. In der Literatur findet man zahlreiche verschiedene Petrinetz-Typen. Diese Vielfalt an Petrinetz-Typen lässt sich nicht ohne weiteres überblicken. Deshalb fehlt es auch nicht an Versuchen, allgemeine Petrinetz-Typen oder Klassifikationen -- auch einzelner Aspekte -- zu etablieren. Allerdings erfassen die bisherigen Ansätze nur einen kleinen Teil aller Petrinetz-Typen. Unser semantisch orientierter Klassifizierungsansatz des Petrinetz-Hyperwürfels umfasst deutlich mehr Petrinetz-Typen und erhebt den Anspruch, universell zu sein. Der Petrinetz-Hyperwürfel hat einen syntaktisch orientierten Klassifizierungsansatz als Grundlage. Dieser Ansatz führt einerseits zum Vorschlag der Petri Net Markup Language. Damit können Petrinetze aller Typen einheitlich beschrieben werden. Andererseits führt derselbe Ansatz zu einer Basis für Petrinetz-Werkzeuge, in der die einzelnen Teile eines Petrinetz-Typs unabhängig voneinander implementiert werden. Der Petrinetz-Kern ist eine derartige Basis mit dessen Hilfe Petrinetz-Werkzeuge gebaut werden. Er implementiert Konzepte, die allen Petrinetzen gemein sind, unabhängig von konkreten Petrinetz-Typen. Gemeinsam mit dem Petrinetz-Hyperwürfel bildet der Petrinetz-Kern ein weiteres Basiswerkzeug für einen parametrisierten Petrinetz-Typ mit einer parametrisierten Schaltregel. Die Petri Net Markup Language und der Petrinetz-Kern sind die wesentlichen Beiträge der vorliegenden Arbeit. Gemeinsam bilden sie ein mächtiges Grundgerüst für Petrinetz-Werkzeuge beliebiger Petrinetz-Typen.
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Explicit State Space Verification
    Habilitationsschrift, dec 2002
    Verification is the task of determining whether a (model of a) system holds a given behavioral property. State space verification comprises a class of computer aided verification techniques where the property is verified through exhaustive exploration of the reachable states of the system. Brute force implementations of state space verification are intractable, due to the well known state explosion problem. Explicit state space verification techniques explore the state space one state at a time, and rely usually on data structures where the size of the data structure increases monotonously with an increasing number of explored states. They alleviate state explosion by constructing a reduced state space that, by a mathematically founded construction, behaves like the original system with respect to the specified properties. Thereby, decrease of the number of states in the reduced system is the core issue of a reduction technique thus reducing the amount of memory required. An explicit state space verification technique comprises of - a theory that establishes whether, and how, certain properties can be preserved through a construction of a reduced state space; - a set of procedures to execute the actual construction efficiently. In this thesis, we contribute to several existing explicit state space verification techniques in either of these two respects. We extend the class of stubborn set methods (an instance of partial order reduction) by constructions that preserve previously unsupported classes of properties. Many existing constructions rely on the existence of "invisible" actions, i.e. actions whose effect does not immediately influence the verified property. We propose efficient constructions that can be applied without having such invisible actions, and prove that they preserve reachability properties as well as certain classes of more complex behavioral system properties. This way, so called "global" properties can now be approached with better stubborn set methods. We pick up a graph automorphism based approach to symmetry reduction and propose a set of construction algorithms that make this approach feasible. In difference to established symmetry techniques that rely on special "symmetry creating" data types, a broader range of symmetries can be handled with our approach thus obtaining smaller reduced state spaces. Coverability graph construction leads to a finite representation of an infinite state space of a Petri net by condensing diverging sequences of states to their limit. We prove rules to determine temporal logic properties of the original system from its coverability graph, far beyond the few properties known to be preserved so far. We employ the Petri net concept of linear algebraic invariants for compressing states as well as for leaving states out of explicit storage. Compression uses place invariants for replacing states by smaller fingerprints that still uniquely identify a state (unlike many hash compression techniques). For reducing the number of explicitly stored states, we rely on the capability of Petri net transition invariants to characterize cycles in the state space. For termination of an exhaustive exploration of a finite state space, it is sufficient to cover all cycles with explicitly stored states. Both techniques are easy consequences of well known facts about invariants. As a novel contribution, we observe that both techniques can be applied without computing an explicit representation of (a generating set for) the respective invariants. This speeds up the constructions considerably and saves a significant amount of memory. For all presented techniques, we illustrate their capabilities to reduce the complexity of state space reduction using a few academic benchmark examples. We address compatibility issues, i.e. the possibility to apply techniques in combination, or in connection with different strategies for exploring the reduced state space. We propose a scheme to distribute state space exploration on a cluster of workstations and discuss consequences for using this scheme for state space reduction. We collect observations concerning the impact of the choice of system description formalisms, and property specification languages, on the availability of explicit state space verification techniques.
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Farn Wang, Karsten Schmidt
    Symmetric Symbolic Safety-Analysis of Concurrent Software with Pointer Data Structures
    Doron Peled and Moshe Y. Vardi, editors
    In Proc. Int. Conf. Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems (FORTE 2002), volume 2529 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2002
    We formally define the model of software with pointer data structures. We developed symbolic algorithms for the manipulation of conditions and assignments with indirect operands for verification with BDD-like data-structures. We rely on two techniques, including inactive variable elimination and process-symmetry reduction in the data-structure configuration, to contain the time and memory complexity. We use binary permutation for efficiency but also identify the possibility of anomaly of image false reachability. We implemented the techniques in tool red and compare performance with Mur and SMC against several other benchmarks.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Teleteaching-Vorlesung 'Verteilte Systeme: Formale Methoden - Anwendungen - Werkzeuge'
    Sigrid E. Schubert and Bernd Reusch and Norbert Jesse, editors
    In Informatik bewegt: Informatik 2002 - 32. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.v. (GI), volume 19 of LNI, GI, 2002
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Wolf Richter
    Spezifikation und Implementation organisationsübergreifender Geschäftsprozesse mit Petrinetzen
    Diplomarbeit, 2002
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2001 (17)

2001

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • 2nd International Colloquium on Petri Net Technologies for Modelling Communication Based Systems, Tagungsband: Berlin, 14./15. September 2001
    Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig and Herbert Weber, editors
    Fraunhofer Gesellschaft ISST, 2001
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  • Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Ekkart Kindler
    Systematische Spezifikation und Verifikation von Konsistenzprotokollen
    Habilitationsschrift, aug 2001
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  • Sibylle Peuker
    Halbordnungsbasierte Verfeinerung zur Verifikation verteilter Algorithmen
    Dissertation, jul 2001
    In dieser Arbeit geht es um die schrittweise Verfeinerung verteilter Algorithmen. Dabei wird ein einfacher Algorithmus, der einige gewünschte Eigenschaften hat, Schritt für Schritt zu einem komplexen Algorithmus verfeinert, der konkrete Implementationsanforderungen erfüllt, so daß in jedem Schritt die gewünschten Eigenschaften erhalten bleiben. Wir stellen einen neuen eigenschaftserhaltenden Verfeinerungsbegriff vor, der auf der kausalen Ordnung der Aktionen eines Algorithmus basiert. Diesen Begriff definieren wir als Transitionsverfeinerung für elementare Petrinetze und diskutieren Beweiskriterien. Danach definieren und diskutieren wir die simultane Verfeinerung mehrerer Transitionen. Zur Modellierung komplexer verteilter Algorithmen sind elementare Petrinetze oft nicht adäquat. Wir benutzen deshalb algebraische Petrinetze. Wir definieren Transitionsverfeinerung für algebraische Petrinetze und stellen einen Zusammenhang zur simultanen Verfeinerung von Transitionen in elementaren Petrinetzen her. Transitionsverfeinerung ist besonders für Verfeinerungsschritte geeignet, in denen synchrone Kommunikation zwischen Agenten durch asynchronen Nachrichtenaustausch ersetzt wird. Wir zeigen dies am Beispiel eines komplexen verteilten Algorithmus, zur Berechnung des minimalen spannenden Baumes in einem gewichteten Graphen. Wir zeigen die Korrektheit dieses Algorithmus in mehreren Schritten, von denen einige Schritte Transitionsverfeinerungen sind. In anderen Schritten sind klassische Verfeinerungsbegriffe ausreichend. Wir übertragen deshalb auch einen klassischen Verfeinerungsbegriff in unser formales Modell.
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Michael Weber
    Tool Support for Various Types of Petri Nets
    Herberg Weber and Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig, editors
    In Proc. of 2nd Int. Coll. on Petri Net Technologies for Modelling Communication Based Systems, DFG Research Group Petri Net Technology, sep 2001
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    A universal module Concept for Petri nets
    Gabriel Juhas und Robert Lorenz, editors
    In Proceedings des 8. Workshops AWPN, Katholische Universität Eichstätt, oct 2001
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  • Michael Weber
    Die Petrinetz-Schaltregel in 4 Phasen - Zusammenfassung
    Gabriel Juhás and Robert Lorenz, editors
    In 8. Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze, Katholische Universität Eichstätt, oct 2001
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  • Michael Weber
    The new Petri Net Kernel
    In Tool Demonstrations, 22nd ICATPN, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K., jun 2001
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Modelling of learning process, using methodology of System Petri Nets
    In Tagungsband der International Scientific Conference MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Tibilisi, jun 2001
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  • Axel Martens
    Modeling Workflow in Virtual Enterprises
    Herbert Weber and Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig, editors
    In Proc. of 2nd Int. Coll. on Petri Net Technologies for Modelling Communication Based Systems, DFG Research Group Petri Net Technology, 2001
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  • Sibylle Peuker
    Property Preserving Transition Refinement with Concurrent Runs: An Example
    In 2nd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD 2001), IEEE Computer Society, 2001
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Using invariants for state space reduction
    In Workshop on Concurrency, Specification and Programming, Warsaw, 2001
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  • Claudia Ermel, Michael Weber
    Implementation of Parameterized Net Classes with the Petri Net Kernel of the Petri Net Baukasten
    Hartmut Ehrig and Gabriel Juhas and Julia Padberg and Grzegorz Rozenberg, editors
    In Unifying Petri Nets, Advances in Petri Nets, volume 2128 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2001
    We show in this paper how the formalism of Parameterized Net Classes is realized with the Petri Net Kernel. Parameterized Net Classes are an notion of Petri nets using formal parameters to express Petri net type characteristics. This formalism allows the abstract formulation of formal concepts for a large variety of Petri net types. The Petri Net Kernel is a tool infrastructure supporting an easy implementation of Petri net algorithms. Moreover, the Petri Net Kernel is not restricted to a fixed Petri net type. Instead, only the net type has to be implemented as ?net type specification?. It is then used as basis for implemented application algorithms. In our paper we describe an implementation of the formal net type parameters via an interface such that the parameter implementation can be transformed to a net type specification for the Petri Net Kernel. This allows on the one hand a simple change of the net type by selecting a different combination of the actual net type parameters. On the other hand, applications (like simulation or analysis algorithms) can be developed generically, i.e. independently of the Petri net type, thus supporting rapid prototyping for Petri net tools. The implementation is embedded in the development of the Petri Net Baukasten and is therefore closely related to the contributions [3, 8, 24] in this volume.
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Karsten Schmidt
    Narrowing Petri Net State Spaces Using the State Equation
    volume 47 of Fundamenta Informaticae 47 (3-4), oct 2001
    Given a (possibly partially defined) state, all count vectors of transition sequences reaching that state are solutions to a corresponding Petri net state equation. We propose a search strategy where sequences corresponding to a minimal solution of the state equation are explored first. Then step by step the search space is relaxed to arbitrary count vectors. This heuristics relies on the observation that in many (though provably not in all) cases, minimal solutions of the state equation can be realized as a firing sequence. If no target state is reachable, either the state equation does not have solutions, or our search method would yield the full state space. We study the impact of the state equation on reachability, present an algorithm that exploits information from the state equation and discuss its application in stateless search as well as its combination with stubborn set reduction.
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    Modules in Pictures
    volume 61 of Petri Net Newsletter 61, oct 2001
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    The Petri Net Kernel - An Infrastructure for Building Petri Net Tools
    volume 3 of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) 3 (4), sep 2001
    The Petri Net Kernel is an infrastructure for building Petri net tools. It relieves the programmer of a Petri net tool from implementing standard operations on Petri nets and a graphical user interface. In this paper, we discuss the motivation, the concepts, and the implementation of the Petri Net Kernel.
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Wolf Richter
    Syntaktische Erkennung von Modellierungsfehlern in Web Services
    Studienarbeit, dec 2001
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    A Universal Module Concept for Petri Nets - An Implementation-Oriented Approach
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, apr 2001
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2000 (26)

2000

    Dissertationen und Habilitationen

  • Hagen Völzer
    Fairneß, Randomisierung und Konspiration in verteilten Algorithmen
    Dissertation, dec 2000
    Fairneß (d.h. faire Konfliktlösung), Randomisierung (d.h. Münzwürfe) und partielle Synchronie sind verschiedene Konzepte, die häufig zur Lösung zentraler Synchronisations- und Koordinationsprobleme in verteilten Systemen verwendet werden. Beispiele für solche Probleme sind das Problem des wechselseitigen Ausschlusses (kurz: Mutex-Problem) sowie das Konsens-Problem. Für einige solcher Probleme wurde bewiesen, daß ohne die oben genannten Konzepte keine Lösung für das betrachtete Problem existiert. Unmöglichkeitsresultate dieser Art verbessern unser Verständnis der Wirkungsweise verteilter Algorithmen sowie das Verständnis des Trade-offs zwischen einem leicht analysierbaren und einem ausdrucksstarken Modell für verteiltes Rechnen. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir zwei neue Unmöglichkeitsresultate vor. Darüberhinaus beleuchten wir ihre Hintergründe. Wir betrachten dabei Modelle, die Randomisierung einbeziehen, da bisher wenig über die Grenzen der Ausdrucksstärke von Randomisierung bekannt ist. Mit einer Lösung eines Problems durch Randomisierung meinen wir, daß das betrachtete Problem mit Wahrscheinlichkeit 1 gelöst wird. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit untersuchen wir die Beziehung von Fairneß und Randomisierung. Einerseits ist bekannt, daß einige Probleme (z.B. das Konsens- Problem) durch Randomisierung nicht aber durch Fairneß lösbar sind. Wir zeigen nun, daß es andererseits auch Probleme gibt (nämlich das Mutex-Problem), die durch Fairneß, nicht aber durch Randomisierung lösbar sind. Daraus folgt, daß Fairneß nicht durch Randomisierung implementiert werden kann. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit verwenden wir ein Modell, das Fairneß und Randomisierung vereint. Ein solches Modell ist relativ ausdrucksstark: Es erlaubt Lösungen für das Mutex-Problem, das Konsens-Problem, sowie eine Lösung für das allgemeine Mutex-Problem. Beim allgemeinen Mutex-Problem (auch bekannt als Problem der speisenden Philosophen) ist eine Nachbarschaftsrelation auf den Agenten gegeben und ein Algorithmus gesucht, der das Mutex-Problem für jedes Paar von Nachbarn simultan löst. Schließlich betrachten wir das ausfalltolerante allgemeine Mutex-Problem -- eine Variante des allgemeinen Mutex-Problems, bei der Agenten ausfallen können. Wir zeigen, daß sogar die Verbindung von Fairneß und Randomisierung nicht genügt, um eine Lösung für das ausfalltolerante allgemeine Mutex-Problem zu konstruieren. Ein Hintergrund für dieses Unmöglichkeitsresultat ist ein unerwünschtes Phänomen, für das in der Literatur der Begriff Konspiration geprägt wurde. Konspiration wurde bisher nicht adäquat charakterisiert. Wir charakterisieren Konspiration auf der Grundlage nicht-sequentieller Abläufe. Desweiteren zeigen wir, daß Konspiration für eine große Klasse von Systemen durch die zusätzliche Annahme von partieller Synchronie verhindert werden kann, d.h. ein konspirationsbehaftetes System kann zu einem randomisierten System verfeinert werden, das unter Fairneß und partieller Synchronie mit Wahrscheinlichkeit 1 konspirationsfrei ist. Partielle Synchronie fordert, daß alle relativen Geschwindigkeiten im System durch eine Konstante beschränkt sind, die jedoch den Agenten nicht bekannt ist. Die Darstellung der Unmöglichkeitsresultate und die Charakterisierung von Konspiration wird erst durch die Verwendung nicht-sequentieller Abläufe möglich. Ein nicht-sequentieller Ablauf repräsentiert im Gegensatz zu einem sequentiellen Ablauf kausale Ordnung und nicht zeitliche Ordnung von Ereignissen. Wir entwickeln in dieser Arbeit eine nicht-sequentielle Semantik für randomisierte verteilte Algorithmen, da es bisher keine in der Literatur gibt. In dieser Semantik wird kausale Unabhängigkeit durch stochastische Unabhängigkeit widergespiegelt.
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  • Tobias Vesper
    Petrinetze zum Entwurf selbststabilisierender Algorithmen
    Dissertation, dec 2000
    Edsger W. Dijkstra prägte im Jahr 1974 den Begriff Selbststabilisierung (self-stabilization) in der Informatik. Ein System ist selbststabilisierend, wenn es von jedem denkbaren Zustand aus nach einer endlichen Anzahl von Aktionen ein stabiles Verhalten erreicht. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht der Entwurf selbststabilisierender Algorithmen. Wir stellen eine Petrinetz-basierte Methode zum Entwurf selbststabilisierender Algorithmen vor. Wir validieren unsere Methode an mehreren Fallstudien: Ausgehend von algorithmischen Ideen existierender Algorithmen beschreiben wir jeweils die die schrittweise Entwicklung eines neuen Algorithmus. Dazu gehört ein neuer randomisierter selbststabilisierender Algorithmus zur Leader Election in einem Ring von Prozessoren. Dieser Algorithmus ist abgeleitet aus einem publizierten Algorithmus, von dem wir hier erstmals zeigen, daß er fehlerhaft arbeitet. Wir weisen die Speicherminimalität unseres Algorithmus nach. Ein weiteres Ergebnis ist der erste Algorithmus, der ohne Time-Out-Aktionen selbststabilisierenden Tokenaustausch in asynchronen Systemen realisiert. Petrinetze bilden einen einheitlichen formalen Rahmen für die Modellierung und Verifikation dieser Algorithmen.
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  • Konferenzbeiträge auf Workshops

  • Matthias Jüngel, Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    Towards a Generic Interchange Format for Petri Nets
    Remi Bastide and Jonathan Billington and Ekkart Kindler and Fabrice Kordon and Kjeld H. Mortensen, editors
    In Meeting on XML/SGML based Interchange Formats for Petri Nets, 21. ICATPN, Århus, Dänemark, jun 2000
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    The Petri Net Kernel
    Kjeld Høyer Mortensen, editors
    In Tool Demonstrations, 21. ICATPN, Århus, Denmark, jun 2000
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    LoLA: A Low Level Analyser
    Mogens Nielsen and Dan Simpson, editors
    In Application and Theory of Petri Nets, 21st International Conference (ICATPN 2000), volume 1825 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, jun 2000
    With LoLA, we put recently developed state space oriented algorithms to other tool developers disposal. Providing a simple interface was a major design goal such that it is as easy as possible to integrate LoLA into tools of different application domains. LoLA supports place/transition nets. Implemented verification techniques cover standard properties (liveness, reversibility, boundedness, reachability, dead transitions, deadlocks, home states) as well as satisfiability of state predicates and CTL model checking. For satisfiability, both exhaustive search and heuristically goal oriented system execution are supported. For state space reduction, LoLA features symmetries, stubborn sets, and coverability graphs.
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  • Ekkart Kindler
    Consistency, Causality, Petri Nets, and Automata
    Hans-Dieter Burkhard and Ludwik Czaja and Andrzej Skowron and Peter H. Starke, editors
    In Workshop Concurrency, Specification \& Programming (CS\&P 2000), oct 2000
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  • Matthias Jüngel, Ekkart Kindler, Michael Weber
    The Petri Net Markup Language
    S. Philippi, editors
    In 7. Workshop Algorithmen und Werkzeuge für Petrinetze, Fachberichte Informatik 7/2000, Universität Koblenz-Landau, jun 2000
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Integrating Low Level Symmetries into Reachability Analysis
    Susanne Graf and Michael I. Schwartzbach, editors
    In Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems, 6th International Conference, TACAS 2000, volume 1785 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
    We present three methods for the integration of symmetries into reachability analysis. Two of them lead to maximal reduction but their runtime depends on the symmetry structure. The third one works always fast but does not always yield maximal reduction.
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Axel Martens, Wolfgang Reisig
    Inter-operability of Workshop Applications - Local Criteria for Global Soundness
    Wil M. P. van der Aalst and Jörg Desel and Andreas Oberweis, editors
    In Business Process Management, volume 1806 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    Towards an ASM Thesis for Unconventional Algorithms
    Yuri Gurevich and Philipp W. Kutter and Martin Odersky and Lothar Thiele, editors
    In Abstract State Machines, volume 1912 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
    All descriptions of algorithms, be they formal or informal, employ data structures, operations on them, and some policy to cause operations be applied to data. Gurevich calls a formal description technique for algorithms algorithm universal if it allows for each informally described algorithm a formal representation that would essentially make precise the notions used in the informal description, not employing additional data, operations or steps. Gurevich's ASM thesis claims Abstract State Machines be algorithm universal for conventional, sequential algorithms. Here we are behind properties of formal presentations that are algorithm universal for unconventional, distributed algorithms.
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  • Wolfgang Reisig
    The Linear Theory of Multiset Based Dynamic Systems
    Cristian Calude and Gheorghe Paun and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa, editors
    In Workshop on Multiset Processing (WMP 2000), volume 2235 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Narrowing the state space of Petri nets using the state equation
    In Workshop on Concurrency, Specification and Programming, Berlin, 2000
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  • Ekkart Kindler
    Serializability, concurrency control and replication control
    G. Saake and K. Schwarz and C. Türker, editors
    In Transactions and Database Dynamics, Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects, Selected Papers, volume 1773 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 2000
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  • Publikationen in Zeitschriften und Büchern

  • Adrianna Foremniak, Peter H. Starke
    Structural Analysis of Signal-Event Systems
    volume 43 of Fundamenta Informaticae 43 (1-4), aug 2000
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Stubborn Sets for Model Checking the EF/AG Fragment of CTL
    volume 43 of Fundamenta Informaticae 43 (1-4), aug 2000
    The general stubborn set approach to CTL model checking [2] has the drawback that one either finds a stubborn set with only one enabled transition or one has to expand all enabled transitions. This restriction does not apply in our approach to a fragment of CTL. Furthermore, our reduction does not depend on the invisibility of transitions in a stubborn set.
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    Flexible net Inscriptions with LoLA
    volume 59 of Petri Net Newsletter 59, 2000
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  • Karsten Schmidt
    How to Calculate Symmetries of Petri Nets
    volume 36 of Acta Informatica 36 (7), 2000
    Symmetric net structure yields symmetric net behaviour. Thus, knowing the symmetries of a net, redundant calculations can be skipped. We present a framework for the calculation of symmetries for several net classes including place/transition nets, timed nets, stochastic nets, self-modifying nets, nets with inhibitor arcs, and many others. Our approach allows the specification of different symmetry groups. Additionally it provides facilities either to calculate symmetries on demand while running the actual analysis algorithm, or to calculate them in advance. For the latter case we define and calculate a ground set of symmetries. Such a set has polynomial size and is sufficient for an efficient implementation of the for all symmetries loop and the partition of net elements into equivalence classes. These two constructions are the usual way to integrate symmetries into an analysis algorithm.
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Hagen Völzer
    Algebraic Nets with Flexible Arcs
    Theoretical Computer Science, 2000
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Axel Martens
    Cross-talk revisited - What's the problem?
    volume 58 of Petri Net Newsletter 58, 2000
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  • Studien- und Diplomarbeiten

  • Abdourahaman
    DAWN-ILF Tool. Modelchecking Anwendung
    Diplomarbeit, sep 2000
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  • Technische Berichte

  • Sibylle Peuker
    Property Preserving Transition Refinement with Concurrent Runs
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jul 2000
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  • Michael Weber
    An XML-based Approach towards an Interchange Format for Petri Nets (Extended Abstract)
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, oct 2000
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  • Felix C. Gärtner, Hagen Völzer
    Redundancy in Space in Fault-Tolerant Systems
    Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, jul 2000
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  • Ekkart Kindler, Dennis Shasha
    Verifying a Design Pattern for the Fault-Tolerant Execution of Parallel Programs
    Technical Report, New York University, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, jun 2000
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  • Tobias Vesper
    Randomized Self-Stabilizing Leader Election (Extended Abstract)
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, jan 2000
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  • Adrianna Foremniak, Wolfgang Reisig
    A Temporal Logic of Distributed Actions (TLDA)
    Informatik-Berichte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2000
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1999 (24)

1999

    Bücher und Konferenzände

  • Colloquium on Petri Net Technologies for Modelling Communication Based Systems
    Hartmut Ehrig and Wolfgang Reisig and Herbert Weber, editors
    Fraunhofer Gesellschaft ISST, oct 1999
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  • Dokumentationen